Abstract
Objective To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of binocular,open-field,infrared auto ref/keratometer measurements (WAM-5500,Grand-Seiko,short for WAM autorefractor,below).Methods Two hundred seventeen students (aged 7-16 years) were consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional study at Beijing Tongren Hospital.Autorefraction and subjective refraction were performed on each subject in both static and dynamic modes using the WAM autorefractor after other ocular diseases were excluded by completing routine ophthalmic examinations.Spherical equivalent (SE) and Jackson cross-cylinders at axes 0 and 45 (J0 and J45) were calculated; the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also calculated to assess accuracy.Autorefraction was performed twice (separated by at least 24 hours) for 14 adult volunteers (28 eyes) in both modes of the WAM autorefractor with 2 targets (6m and 20cm).Intra-test and inter-test reproducibility were evaluated using a coefficient of variation (CV) and ICC,respectively.Results The ICC of the spherical refractive error and (or) SE obtained by the two modes of the WAM autorefractor and subjective refraction were higher than 0.95 for subjects in the different age groups; J0 and J45 ranged from 0.38 to 0.84.For intra-test reproducibility,the CVs of spherical refraction,SE and pupil diameter (PD) obtained by both modes of the WAM autorefractor for the two targets ranged from 1.54％ to 8.31％; J0 and J45 ranged from 23.54％ to 32.70％.For inter-test reproducibility,the ICCs of the spherical refractive error and SE were higher than 0.90; ICCs for J0,J45 and PD ranged from 0.71 to 0.89.Conclusion Both the static and dynamic modes of the WAM autorefractor showed it is reliable and repeatable.The autorefractor has potential utility in both clinical tests and scientific research based on both its consecutive and high-speed monitor functions for three ocular responses. Key words: Autorefraction; Subjective refraction; Accuracy; Reproducibility of results
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