Abstract
Liquid biopsy represents an exciting new area in the field of cancer diagnosis and management, offering a less invasive and more convenient approach to obtain a time-point image of the tumor burden and its genomic profile. Samples collected from several body fluids, mostly blood, can be used to gain access to circulating tumor cells and DNA, non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and exosomes, at any moment, offering a dynamic picture of the tumor. For patients with GC, the use of blood-based biopsies may be particularly beneficial since tissue biopsies are difficult to obtain and cause real distress to the patient. With advantages such as repeatability and minimal invasion, it is no wonder that the field of liquid biopsy has received tremendous attention. However, the abundance of studies, involving a wide range of assays with different principles, prevented for the moment the reproducibility of the results and therefore the translation into the clinic of liquid biopsy. In this review, we present the latest technical development and data on circulating biomarkers available through liquid biopsy in gastric cancer with an emphasis on their clinical utility in areas such as cancer screening, prognostic stratification, and therapeutic management.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, with 1.089.103 new cases being registered in 2020 (5.6%), after female breast cancer (11.7%), lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), and prostate (7.3%)
In a comprehensive meta-analysis of literature published on GC serum markers, the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association concluded that they are not useful for early cancer diagnosis, but they are useful for detecting recurrence and distant metastasis, predicting patient survival, and monitoring after surgery [5]
Liquid biopsy obtained from peripheral blood is composed of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA, non-coding RNAs and different tumor derived proteins and vesicles
Summary
Mihaela Chivu-Economescu 1*, Laura Necula 1,2, Lilia Matei 1, Denisa Dragu 1, Coralia Bleotu 1 and Carmen C. Reviewed by: Bianca Galateanu, University of Bucharest, Romania Thomas Aparicio, Assistance Publique Hopitaux De. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Gastroenterology, a section of the journal
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