Abstract
Abstract. In this study, three kinds of hourly precipitation series with the spatial resolution of 0.1° are used to analyze the climatological features and trends of extreme precipitation during the period of 1979–2012 in Beijing, China. The results show that: (1) the spatial distribution of median annual precipitation, with a range from 500 to 825 mm, is similar to that of local topography, which increases from the northwest to the southeast. Taking the urban area as a centre, the inter-annual precipitation in the Beijing area displays an outward decreasing tendency at the maximum rate of 125 mm per decade (125 mm × 10 a−1); (2) extreme precipitation amount, which accounts for 40–48% of total precipitation amount, has a similar spatial distribution to average annual precipitation; (3) the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation days and threshold estimated as the upper 95 percentile are significantly different from that of extreme precipitation, with maximum values concentrated on the urban area and the eastern mountain area, and minimum values in northwest; (4) extreme precipitation days (Ex_pd95) show an opposite distribution to extreme precipitation threshold (Ex_pv95), indicating that areas with greater precipitation threshold may has less precipitation days, and vice versa; (5) an apparent spatiotemporal decreasing tendency is detected in extreme precipitation amount. The downward tendencies are also found in extreme precipitation threshold. Unlike Ex_pv95, in most of the study area, Ex_pd95 is virtually unchanged; (6) downward trends of extreme precipitation is slightly smaller than that of annual precipitation, and the reducing amplitude of north-eastern areas are much higher than the areas in the southwest.
Highlights
Extreme weather and climatic events have drawn broader concerns during past years, on the regional and local scales
The spatial distribution of median annual precipitation (PTV), with a range from 500 to 825 mm, is opposite to that of local topography, which increases from the northwest to the southeast
Results by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method indicate that the local climate and topography are two main factors influencing the spatial distributions of precipitation
Summary
Extreme weather and climatic events have drawn broader concerns during past years, on the regional and local scales. Extreme precipitation, which is regarded as the main factor contributing to water security, reflects the homogeneity of temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. Extreme precipitation indices, such as extreme precipitation threshold, extreme precipitation days, extreme precipitation amount, are widely used to assess the variations of extremes in several studies (You et al, 2014). The formula introduced by Beard (1943) has come into wide use because it is more suitable for studies on the changing climate extremes (Folland and Anderson, 2002)
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