Abstract
Agriculture sync with the existence of humanity. Converging demands from human population, food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, agricultural resources, biofuel and oil prices, food prices, have engendered a new transformative, resilient and smart agricultural approach entitled “Climate Smart Agriculture”. Rapid alteration by humans on agricultural landscape driven by aspirations to maximize production, productivity, and profit with scant regard to environmental concerns led to the degradation of agricultural lands, alteration in global carbon and nitrogen cycles, loss of soil fertility and biodiversity, pest and disease outbreaks. Under such circumstances, agriculture production system must be insured against impending danger of climate change; augmented with diversity of biological resources; enhanced with adaptive capacity and resilience; provided with site-specific sustainable management practices like integrated crop management, conservation agriculture, agriculture diversification and landscape management. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is construed as a “comprehensive agricultural approach that aims at sustainable productivity enhancement, mitigation of and adaptation to climate change, and achieving global food security and other related sustainable development goals”. CSA incorporates the virtues of “climate-smart food system”, “climate-proof farms”, and “climate-smart soils”.
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