Climate influence on yield and grain quality of triticale varieties in the Volga region

Abstract


 The research was carried out in 2002-2018 on the fields of breeding crop rotation of the Samara research Institute, located in the Central zone of the Samara region. 24 varieties of winter triticale were studied. The aim of the work is to establish the influence of climatic conditions on the yield and quality of triticale grain. During the study period, the trends of climate change were revealed: the increase in air temperature in the spring-summer period (April-June) by 0.23° C per year and during the sowing of winter crops (August-September) by 0.09° C per year. Quality of grain and bread, productivity depend on climatic conditions of vegetation. Excess moisture in the autumn and warm winters contribute to the appearance of rust pustules. Lack of precipitation in the summer period (may-June) was noted in 13 years out of 17 studied (11.4-74.7% of the norm). The yield is significantly influenced by the conditions of vegetation in the spring and summer (SCC April-June) r=0.63 * * ±0.15. The appearance of rust pustules was decisively influenced by the conditions of the autumn period and overwintering. Anti-nutrient substances, 5-alkylresorcinols, to a large extent accumulate at high temperatures in the autumn (r=0.73* * ±0.13) and with prolonged snow cover (r=0.56*±0.18). Indicators of quality of bread improve at sufficient height of a snow cover (r=0,28 ... 0,50*) and long spring-summer vegetation (r=-0,51*...-0,62**), and at a large amount of precipitation during may-June decrease (r=-0,28...-0,46). Analysis of the results indicates the need for stabilization of high-quality grain production in the region to create drought-resistant and precocious varieties of triticale.