Abstract
Based on the daily climate data from 839 meteorological stations covering the 2014–2017 period in the mainland of China, the Universal Thermal Climate Indices (UTCI) were calculated and the UTCI of 247 national 5A tourist attractions in the mainland of China are obtained with ordinary kriging interpolation method. Then, a spatial analysis of all the attractions was carried out based on UTCI. The results showed that the mainland of China’s annual average UTCI is generally distributed as strip-belts along a latitudinal direction and the climate comfort level gradually decreases from south to north. Significant regional differences in climate comfort results are obtained between the southeast coastal areas and the northwest inland. It was found that the number of attractions with the best climate comfort level is relatively high in spring and autumn while it is less in summer and winter. Considering the climate comfort levels, the attractions are grouped into five categories of “comfortable during spring and autumn,” “comfortable during winter,” “comfortable during spring, autumn, and winter,” “comfortable during spring, summer, and autumn,” and “uncomfortable during the four seasons” to carry out the study for determining the most convenient period of the year in terms of climate comfort.
Highlights
Known as thermal comfort, usually refers to the meteorological conditions that humans can ensure their normal physiological metabolism to feel comfortable while not needing any adjustment for heat prevention and/or cold protection [1]. e climate comfort research is based on the heat exchange between the human physiological sense and the atmosphere [2]
Empirical indicators mainly included Effective Temperature (ET) [10], Wet Bulb Globe Temper (WBGT) [11], Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) [12], and Wind Chill Index (WCI) [13, 14]. e empirical indices are easy to calculate and be understood by the public. They contain unreasonable calculations to reduce the accuracy of the results so that they cannot meet the basic requirements of the good correspondence between the assessment values and the human thermophysiological
It was an important attempt to implement an application on climate comfort assessment on a larger scale [22]. e mainland of China is experiencing a transformation from traditional sightseeing to resort tourism so that national 5A tourist attractions are the most popular destinations from this perspective. is study emphasizes a special evaluation of the comfort conditions for attractions in the mainland of China based on UTCI by using an ordinary kriging interpolation method. e results of this study are expected to be helpful for the optimization of the tourism industry and the development of high-quality tourism destinations
Summary
Known as thermal comfort, usually refers to the meteorological conditions that humans can ensure their normal physiological metabolism to feel comfortable while not needing any adjustment for heat prevention and/or cold protection [1]. e climate comfort research is based on the heat exchange between the human physiological sense and the atmosphere [2]. E empirical indices are limited in terms of time and space scales [15] For this reason, a reasonable human comfort model is required to be based on the human body heat exchanger system by taking the influence of various issues, such as environmental factors, human metabolic heat dissipation, and clothing thermal resistance into account [16]. With the help of multidisciplinary research and taking the responding factors, such as heat conduction, long- and short-wave radiation, and skin moisture evaporation, into consideration, a Universal ermal Climate Index is proposed based on multinode model (Universal ermal Climate Index, UTCI) [15]. It was an important attempt to implement an application on climate comfort assessment on a larger scale [22]. e mainland of China is experiencing a transformation from traditional sightseeing to resort tourism so that national 5A tourist attractions are the most popular destinations from this perspective. is study emphasizes a special evaluation of the comfort conditions for attractions in the mainland of China based on UTCI by using an ordinary kriging interpolation method. e results of this study are expected to be helpful for the optimization of the tourism industry and the development of high-quality tourism destinations
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