Climate change and irrigation management shape crop resilience in UAE arid agriculture: APSIM model-driven assessment

Achieving climate change (CC) resilience in a timely and efficient fashion is becoming a major priority across multiple sectors. Agricultural CC adaptation has become an integrated part of agricultural development policy throughout the EU and further. Without the timely implementation of appropriate measures, the vulnerability of highly exposed and sensitive agricultural landscapes with low adaptive capacity will increase. This paper focuses on the Vipava Valley, a sub-Mediterranean agricultural area highly vulnerable to CC, describing the stakeholder landscape approach undertaken to define stakeholder responsibility level in terms of implementing adaptation measures; and it identifies the key challenges facing stakeholder networks at individual measure levels. The strategy for agricultural CC adaptation follows the structure proposed by the European Commission and clearly defines the necessary stakeholder landscape for implementing agricultural CC adaptation measures and indicators for adaptation strategy monitoring and evaluation. The challenges identified in relation to stakeholder interaction cannot be solved by strategy alone; a facilitated approach to policy implementation is necessary, its success being dependent on the ability of the social landscape to develop a firm implementation of a monitoring programme for adaptation to CC at the local municipality level.

Chapter 2 - Responding to Climate Change in the Agriculture and Rural Development Sector in Vietnam

Agriculture has become an extremely vulnerable industry to the impacts of climate variability and change. Thus, strengthening adaptation capacity to climate change in agriculture is a societal priority in most of countries in the world, especially in the developing countries where a large number of people depended on agricultural production. The results of the study show that climate change signals have been really clear in Ky Son commune through increasing extreme weather events, especially drought and hot spell. Farmers in Ky Son commune have revealed a lot of risks caused by climate change for their agricultural production. Farmers in the commune have considered adaptive strategies to climate change in agricultural production, of which weather forecasts update and changing crop varieties are the most popular adaptive strategies. The study indicated 7 factors that have significant effects on farmers’ decision in adaptation to climate change in agricultural production in the Ky Son commune, of which attendance in the training courses is the factor that have highest effect level. The study proposed the policies to improve farmers’ adaptive capacity to climate change in agricultural production in Ky Son commune including: (1) Broadening training courses on climate change; (2) Continuing the preferential credit; (3) Promoting large-scale production patterns; and (4) Downscaling and Localizing weather forecast information.

Building resilience to climate change in agricultural production can ensure the functioning of agricultural-based livelihoods and reduce their vulnerability to climate change impacts. This paper thus explores how buffer capacity, a characteristic feature of resilience, can be conceptualised and used for assessing the resilience of smallholder agriculture to climate change. It uses the case of conservation agriculture farmers in a Kenyan region and examines how their practices contribute to buffer capacity. Surveys were used to collect data from 41 purposely selected conservation agriculture farmers in the Laikipia region of Kenya. Besides descriptive statistics, factor analysis was used to identify the key dimensions that characterise buffer capacity in the study context. The cluster of practices characterising buffer capacity in conservation agriculture include soil protection, adapted crops, intensification/irrigation, mechanisation and livelihood diversification. Various conservation practices increase buffer capacity, evaluated by farmers in economic, social, ecological and other dimensions. Through conservation agriculture, most farmers improved their productivity and incomes despite drought, improved their environment and social relations. Better-off farmers also reduced their need for labour, but this resulted in lesser income-earning opportunities for the poorer farmers, thus reducing the buffer capacity and resilience of the latter.

Sustainable land management has emerged as an issue of major global concern. In many countries particularly in Ethiopia, the concern of suitable land management is because of the increasing population pressure on limited land resources, demanding for increased food production, the degradation of land and water resources accelerating rapidly. If the lands well suited for agriculture, it will follows further increases in production to meet the food demands of increasing populations, must come about by the more intensive use of existing agricultural lands. Climate & soil conditions, land use type and management, determine the production limit.To contest cited venomous effects of intensification, regard to environmental effects requires the development and implementation of technologies and policies, which will result in sustainable land management (Gisla-dottir and Stocking, 2005; Campbell and Hagmann, 2003). The major factors reason for low productivity include dependence on traditional farming techniques, soil degradation caused by overgrazing and deforestation, poor corresponding services such as extension, credit, marketing, infrastructure, and climatic factors such as drought and flood (Deressa, Hassan, & Ringler, 2011). In addition to the low soil fertility, soil degradation in Ethiopia; reduces soil productivity which results to food insecurity, economic losses and aggravates the recurrent droughts (Shiferaw & Holden, 1999; Mitiku et al., 2006). It has also increases vulnerability of people to the adverse effects of climate variability and change, by reducing soil organic carbon level and water holding capacity, which in turn decreases agricultural productivity and local resource assets (TerrAfrica, 2009; Nyssen et. al., 2003a; Hurni, 2000; Mitiku Haile,2006 & Daniel et al., 2015). Climate change causes wide-ranging effects on the environment, socioeconomic and associated sectors: water resources, agriculture and food security, human health, terrestrial ecosystems, and biodiversity (Belay Zerga & Getaneh Gebeyehu, 2016). Ethiopia is extremely vulnerable to climate related disasters including drought, heavy rains, floods, frost and heat waves which leads to a negative impacts on agriculture, food security, rural livelihoods, and economic development (NMA 2007). Planning of changes in land use requires a inclusive knowledge of the natural resources; a trustworthy estimate of what they are capable of producing, so that reliable predictions and recommendations can be made. Production potential, the conservation of soil and water resources for use by future generations requires consideration in planning land development. For these reasons sustainable land management is now getting considerable attention from development experts, policy makers and researchers. In long-term period, any utilization over its capability of the land will cause degradation and yield reduction. Therefore, to know the land production capacity and to allocate the land to the satisfactory and to the most profitable should be cared.

Climate change poses serious risks to Indian agriculture as half of the agricultural land of the country is rainfed. Climate change affects crop yield, soil processes, water availability, and pest dynamics. Several adaptation strategies such as heat- and water stress-tolerant crop varieties, stress-tolerant new crops, improved agronomic management practices, improved water use efficiency, conservation agriculture practices and improved pest management, improved weather forecasts, and other climate services are in place to minimize the climatic risks. The agriculture sector contributes 14% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) from the country. Mitigation of GHG emission from agriculture can be achieved by changing land-use management practices and enhancing input-use efficiency. Experiments in India showed that methane emission from lowland rice fields can be reduced by 40-50% with alternate wetting and drying (AWD), growing shorter duration varieties, and using neem-coated urea according to soil health card (SHC) and leaf color chart (LCC). Dry direct-seeding of rice, which does not require continuous soil submergence, can reduce methane emission by 70-75%. Sequestration of carbon (C) in agricultural soil can be promoted with the application of organic manure, crop residues, and balanced nutrients. India has taken several proactive steps for addressing the issues of climate change in agriculture. Recently, it has also committed for reducing GHG emission intensity by 45% by 2030 and achieving net zero emission by 2070. The paper discusses the major impacts of climate change, potential adaptation, and mitigation options and the initiatives of Govt. of India in making Indian agriculture climate-smart.

Зміну клімату визнано однією з найсерйозніших сучасних загроз довгостроковим цілям суспільного розвитку. В сільському господарстві такі зміни провокують недоотримання агровиробниками гарантованих доходів і ризики продовольчої безпеки й здатні в цілому негативно вплинути на стійкість агросистеми. Забезпечення стійкості сільськогосподарського виробництва пов’язане з його екологізацією, кліматичною нейтральністю й високою опірністю негативним наслідкам різких кліматичних змін. Дослідження ризиків стійкості сільськогосподарського виробництва повинно мати системний характер і прив’язку до конкретних умов певної території.Ризики стійкості вітчизняного агровиробництва пропонується групувати за економічною, кліматичною, екологічною, соціальною сферами їх прояву. Для ефективної протидії негативним наслідкам кліматичних змін у сільгоспвиробництві й зменшення впливу на клімат з боку аграрного сектору необхідними є своєчасне прогнозування й управління відповідними ризиками, для чого має бути сформована система індикаторів стійкості. Це дозволить визначати вразливості й прогалини в спроможності забезпечення стійкості, а також оцінювати ефективність заходів з нівелювання негативного впливу несприятливих чинників на стійкість агрогосподарювання.Для умов України запропоновано комплексну систему індикаторів стійкості сільського господарства, яка включає чотири блоки: економічну, екологічну і кліматичну, соціальну стійкість, а також кліматичну нейтральність. Ключовими орієнтирами досягнення стійкості визнано: забезпечення національної продовольчої безпеки і доходів аграріїв; зниження волатильності врожайності сільгоспкультур; зменшення викидів вуглецю в результаті агрогосподарювання; забезпечення кадрового потенціалу агровиробництва. Розрахунки відповідних показників засвідчили, що в довоєнний період (зокрема, у 2021 р. порівняно з 2015 р.) ситуація не була загрозливою лише в економічній сфері. Водночас мали місце суттєві загрози у сферах екологічної і кліматичної стійкості, а також кліматичної нейтральності.

This study aims to investigate dynamic relationships between research and development (R&D) expenditure, climate change (measured by annual rainfall and temperature variations), human capital (proxied by literacy) and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in Bangladesh agriculture. Pesaran’s Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator is used to a unique panel data of 17 regions of Bangladesh covering a 61-year period (1948–2008). In addition, the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model is also applied to trace the responsiveness of TFP from a shock to R&D, extension services, and literacy rate. Results reveal that R&D has an insignificant impact on TFP in the short-run, while it has a significant positive impact in the long-run. The contributions of climate variables (i.e., rainfall and temperature variations) are highly significant and negative in the long run. The literacy rate is found to have a significant positive impact on TFP as expected. These results suggest that agricultural R&D investment and human capital could play an important role to ameliorate the adverse effects of climate change in the agricultural sector of Bangladesh.

Disaster and climate change resilience: A bibliometric analysis

In a recent report, Norrington-Davie (2015) declared that climate change is not a priority for the Government of Cameroon and is unlikely to become so in the near future as Cameroon focuses on improving job creation and reducing widespread poverty. According to the author, awareness of climate change, both inside and outside of government, is largely limited to an understanding of environmental and climate related impacts at the local levels. Higher level political commitment for climate change is limited and there is currently no capacity within line ministries to mainstream climate change across sector programmes. A National Observatory for Climate Change (ONACC) is expected to address some of these issues but its creation has been pending since the issuance of a Presidential Decree in December 2009 (Norrington-Davies, 2015). This paper aims at assisting the Cameroonian government in meeting the sustainable millennium development goals through adaptation with the focus on Climate change in agriculture. The first part of the paper highlights the issue of climate change developments in Cameroon. The second part sheds light on the literature review by revisiting some concepts around climate change mitigation in the Cameroonian agriculture sector. The third part develops the roadmap in dealing with climate change challenges in Cameroon. The last gives recommendations regarding adaptation on climate change in Cameroon.

Adopting climate-smart agriculture in the coastal area of Bangladesh faces challenges, as well as farmers' vulnerability to frequent natural disasters and salinity intrusion. The main aims of this study were to assess the extent of CSA technologies adopted by the farmers and to explore the contributions of the selected characteristics of the coastal farmers to the adoption of CSA. An interview schedule was used to collect data from 354 coastal farmers of three districts, namely Satkhira, Khulna, and Bagerhat, through a ‘Multistage random sampling method’ in 2022. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were used. A complete model multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how the predictor variables affected the outcome variables. Results indicate that about 57.91% of the coastal farmers had medium adoption, followed by 22.88% high and 19.21% poor adoption of CSA. Out of the 19 identified CSA technologies, “the use of thread pipe/plastic pipe for irrigation” ranked first and indicated the highest extent of adoption by the coastal farmers. Farmers’ annual agricultural income, extension contact, training exposure, knowledge of CSA, and attitude towards CSA significantly positively contributes to their adoption of CSA. Extension services, community-based training, and awareness campaigns can play a vital role in escalating farmers' adoption of CSA. Therefore, addressing climate change and building climate resilience in agriculture requires practical support to enable farmers to adopt and sustain CSA. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 39-47, June 2025

This paper focuses mainly on assessing the food security-agriculture-climate change nexus and provides multidisciplinary scientific assessment and recommendations for sustainable agro ecological solutions in the quest of humanity to sustainable development. While agriculture tend to support the overwhelming majority of the population in every part of Africa in general and in Ethiopia in particular, climate change in itself will very likely affect four key dimensions of the food security including availability, accessibility, utilization and sustainability of the food, due to close linkage between food and water security and climate change. The impacts of climate change and increases in climate variability on agricultural systems and natural-resource-dependent households, as well as on food security and the future vulnerability of already hungry people in Ethiopia and of course in most of the developing countries in Africa, are highlighted in the paper. It is also worth mentioning that, the role of climate-smart agriculture can be used for mitigating and adapting the impacts of projected climate change. CSA brings together practices, policies and institutions that are not necessarily new but are used in the context of climatic changes. Furthermore, it addresses challenges faced by triple interplay of agriculture, food security and climate change simultaneously and holistically.

Nepal is one of the four most vulnerable countries affected by climate change in the world. Climate change has been occurred in Terai, hills and mountain of Nepal resulting change in agriculture systems. Global food production of major staples crops of rice, maize, wheat and soybean, and marine resources are decreasing. Nepal is blessed with number of natural flora and fauna which could address negative impact of climate change resulting food and nutritional insecurity. Emphasis should be given to develop technologies address negative impact of climate change. Nepal has been trying to develop some adoptive ways such as development of climate resilient technology encompassing crop varieties, animal breeds; agronomic practices that could address vagaries of climate change and sustain food and nutritional security. In Nepal, the effect of climate change is more pronounced in hills and mountains with respect to increase in temperature than that of Terai. In this paper, bird’s eye views on issues of climate change, negative impact of climate change on food and nutritional security and coping mechanisms to tackle all of such concerns of climate change in agriculture in general and food and nutritional security in particular have been illustrated in ways climate change could be addressed to limit its negative consequences on agriculture as well.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, 2016, Page: 25-37

Objective: Analyze public policies in Mexico facing climate change in agriculture that allow the development of resilient agroecosystems. Design/methodology/approach: An analysis of research on resilience to climate change in the agricultural and rural sectors, as well as analysis of literature on public policies formulated to climate change in the agricultural sector (period 2013-2019), was realized. Results: Multiple sources of resilience for agroecosystems are present. Policies could be oriented to identify such sources and to strengthen capacities according to different scales and contexts. There is the possibility of considering factors associated with the evolution of these systems to employ strategies that are consistent and that allow coordination between political levels. Limitations of the study/Implications: This is a theoretical study restricted to the available literature published until 2019. Findings/Conclusions: Public policies require integrating the perspective of the dynamics of the complex agricultural system and the multiple sources of resilience at different scales and contexts, articulating the development of resilient agroecosystems to climate change.

Agriculture is vulnerable to climate change. Adaptation is therefore necessary to moderate harm or exploit the beneficial opportunities of climate change in agriculture. In the 2015 Paris Agreement, the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) states, “parties hereby establish the global goal on adaptation.” However, limited information on local adaptation practices hinders a review of the overall progress in the adaptation communication. Therefore, we must collect emerging adaptations. This article reviews the available evidence on agricultural adaptation in response to observed or anticipated climate change. A literature review showed both negative and positive impacts of climate change. The emerged adaptations were diverse and ranged from affecting producers to national governments in scope and from incremental to transformational in type. These responses pose challenges in monitoring, modeling, and assessing adaptations in countries at the global scale and require additional research.