Abstract
Clays is composed of silicates, aluminasilicates, etc., which are obtained both natural and synthetic techniques, and they are found in micro and nano sized as well as fine grained layered structure. These layered structure is hold together by oxygen and hydroxide ions with hydrogen bonds. Also, these layers are very durable, however, they can be exfoliated in the presence of moisture and aqueous solution. In addition, clays are generally highly hygroscopic and having large specific surface area. Clays have unique chemical and physical properties and can be utilized different applications. Their large surface areas and porous structures provides enhanced efficiencies different catalytic applications by modifed or funtionalized with various catalytic materials. Due to the fact that, clay based materials can be utilized in different catalytic energy and environmental applications, organic reactions, green and industrial practices.
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