Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe the formation of the chemic-mineralogical profile of Greyzemic Phaeozems on the various geomorphological surfaces in the Pre-Carpathian loess subprovince. The differentiation of the Greyzemic Phaeozems mineral mass is determined by the composition of soil-forming rocks, the nature of the formation of different geomorphological surfaces and the peculiarities of the soil-forming process. The mineral profile of Greyzemic Phaeozems is differentiated into two parts, the upper one is within the humus horizon and the lower one is a weakly humus layer. At the high Pliocene terraces of the Prut River, its dual nature is caused by lithologic heterogeneity of the soil-forming rocks, and within the limits of the San-Dnister Upland, the active development of the processes of the leaching of clay material due to podzolization and soil profile gleyzation. The common regularity of the mineral profile of the Greyzemic Phaeozems this region is the uniformity of the ratio of the main mineral phases of the fine material, the active eluviation from the humus horizon of the smectite material, the relative accumulation in the humus horizon illite minerals, and various clastogenic non-clay minerals. The negative trends in the clay profile evolution of Greyzemic Phaeozems cause the reduction of erosion resistance of these soils. The strength of the cohesion between soil aggregates is determined by the content of humus (humatic kind) and dominating smectite minerals in clay plasma. The processes of dehumification have been destabilized the mineral colloidal complex of Phaeozems and changed of smectite-illite dynamic equilibrium in soils. In Greyzemic Phaeozems the substantial loss of highly dispersive smectite material can be observed. The dominance of inactive bi-octahedral illite clay in the arable layer of Phaeozems reduces the role of clay plasma in the formation of water-stable micro- and macrostructure. Key words: chemic-mineralogical profile of soil, podzolization, gleyzation, content of humus, chemical equilibrium in soils.
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