Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is commonly employed in multiple domains to realize inexpensive and flexible material extrusion systems with thermoplastic materials. Among the several types of thermoplastic materials, polylactic acid (PLA), an environment-friendly bio-plastic, is commonly used for FFF for the sake of the safety of the manufacturing process. However, thermal degradation of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed PLA products is inevitable, and it is one of the failure mechanisms of thermoplastic products. The present study focuses on the thermal degradation of 3D-printed PLA specimens. A classification methodology using artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and was developed. Under the given experimental conditions, the ANN model could classify four levels of thermal degradation. Among the FTIR spectra recorded from 650 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1, the ANN model could suggest the best wavenumber ranges for classification.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing or three-dimensional (3D) printing is widely used in several industrial areas such as automotive, aerospace, mechanical, medicine, biological systems, and food supply chains [1]
Spectra recorded from 650 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1, the artificial neural networks (ANNs) model could suggest the best wavenumber ranges for classification
Datasets for ANNs classifications refers to the number of thermal degradation degrees classified by an ANN model
Summary
Additive manufacturing or three-dimensional (3D) printing is widely used in several industrial areas such as automotive, aerospace, mechanical, medicine, biological systems, and food supply chains [1]. Based on 3D CAD data, additive manufacturing can be used to fabricate complex geometries economically with a wide variety of materials. Polymers are the most commonly used materials in the 3D printing industry owing to their diversity and ease of adaptation to different 3D printing processes [2]. Wojtyla et al [4] studied the toxicity of 3D printing. They investigated four thermoplastics, namely, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and nylon. They reported that PLA is considerably less toxic than ABS. Lanzotti et al [6] studied the mechanical properties of virgin and recycled
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