Abstract

An understanding of the definitions, classification, and key characteristics of seizures and epilepsy is vital in the initial approach to a patient presenting with seizures. Classifying seizures appropriately helps narrow the differential diagnosis and guide further testing, treatment, and prognosis. This chapter reviews the basic definitions and classifications of seizures and epilepsy and summarizes select epilepsy syndromes. A seizure is a transient occurrence of signs or symptoms due to abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.

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