Abstract
In Brazil, 40.49% [I] of all domestic and public solid waste produced, involves unsuitabledisposal. The dynamism of urban space causes a constant succession of soil uses in mostBrazilian cities. When a waste disposal site is deactivated, its mere abandon may behazardous to the environment and communities around it as a result of leachate percolation.Waste dumping sites deactivation with further use, whichever, exposes the population tocontamination. This paper proposes an assessment system of areas that were used as urbansolid waste disposal sites,. Even if they receive or have received care in terms ofenvironmental protection for some time before their closure, these areas do not normally havedocumented background on the events occurring there. The proposed assessment establishescriteria for classifying urban solid waste fills whose activities are being closed down and forthose that were already closed for a longer period. Indicators of potential environmental andhealth hazards are used, considering volume of the waste landfill and age; groundwater depth,soil permeability, residences proximity, commercial and industrial centres, environmentaltopographic and morphological indicators and the water balance. This paper is the result of atwo-year field study in Paracambi landfill surrounding areas, close to Rio de Janeiro city. Thisstudy included tests of physical characterizations of soil, permeability tests in the field andlaboratory, column tests on distribution and spread of pollutants, physicochemical andchemical soil analyses at various depths. Besides, downstream groundwater and surface waterwere analyzed. The prime purpose was to create a tool to help decide which activities are toreinsert areas used as waste disposal sites in the suitable urban context The result of theassessment will point to different levels of care in relation to the procedures to be adoptedwith regard to its closure and later monitoring.
Highlights
This paper proposes an assessment system of areas that were used as urban solid waste disposal sites
The assessment system proposed here is intended for areas that were used as urban solid waste (USW) dumps, nomially with no environmental protection infrastructure, many of them to be found in Brazil
This paper proposes an assessment system of areas that were used as urban solid waste disposal sites, normally with no infrastructure for environmental protection
Summary
The assessment system proposed here is intended for areas that were used as urban solid waste (USW) dumps, nomially with no environmental protection infrastructure, many of them to be found in Brazil. The proposed assessment system establishes criteria for assessing USW landfills that are about to be closed down and those that have already been closed for a longer period, considering the potential contamination caused by their leachate, The main objective is to reinsert the area in the actual urban context These areas are rated based on the use of indicators of potential environmental and health hazards. Parameters are adopted relating to potential contamination caused by the leachate in the USW landfill, A rating is obtained by adding up the values obtained in the matrices, and can be a sign of the need for intervention, Depending on the potential generating characteristics of leachate in the landfill and its potential capacity to affect the soil, water, special environmental protection areas and the population, interventions could be required at different levels of care and urgency, and monitoring after closure, 2.1 Assessment of urban solid waste. The same may occur in the base soil, by what is found under the landfill and on its edge
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