Abstract
To what extent can and do the residents of new towns participate in the decision-making which shapes their physical and, especially, their social environment? In the three settings here discussed little participation was found. It is suggested that the low level of participation is partially due to the nature of the new town planning process, which logically precludes the participation of residents before there are, in fact, residents. Of equal importance are the policies which first led to the creation of the town and which fundamentally predeter- mine its social, political, and economic character. Because of differences in national context the three new towns differ markedly, but not along the dimension of participation.
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