Circulating immunoglobulins and transient lymphocytopenia in a sub-study of CAPRISA 012B, testing HIV monoclonal antibodies in a phase 1 trial

Abstract

Acute, transient lymphocytopenia, not clinically significant was observed in the CAPRISA 012B phase 1 clinical trial following administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb)-CAP256V2LS alone or with VRC07-523LS. Lymphocytopenia was assigned upon a > 50% decline in absolute lymphocyte counts following bnAb administration. We posited that systemic immunoglobulins (Igs), and cytokine profiles of eight women who developed lymphocytopenia were different to the 12 women without lymphocytopenia. Plasma Ig subclasses (IgG)/isotypes (IgM/IgA), and 27 cytokines were measured at enrolment (prior to bnAbs) and at days 1, 7, 28, 56 post-bnAb administration. IgG subclasses, IgM and total lymphocyte counts were significantly lower prior to bnAbs in women with gradable lymphocytopenia than those without. Gradable lymphocytopenia compared to non-lymphocytopenia women had significantly higher MIP-1β from enrolment up to day 56. TNF-α was significantly lower in gradable lymphocytopenia compared to non-lymphocytopenia women for enrolment, days 7, 28 and 56 except for day 1. Within the gradable and within the non-lymphocytopenia women, from enrolment to day 1, significantly elevated IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, G-CSF and IL-1RA were found. Additionally, within the gradable lymphocytopenia women, 9 additional cytokines (TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, Basic FGF, eotaxin, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-4) were significantly elevated at day 1 post-bnAbs compared to enrolment. This sub study presents preliminary findings to support the monitoring of baseline immunological markers including lymphocyte counts for assessing the development of transient lymphocytopenia. In high-risk settings conducting clinical trials testing bnAbs for HIV prevention, understanding factors that could amplify rates of lymphocytopenia, even if transient, remain undefined.