Circular-Shaped Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna with Square-Shaped Slots for Various Wireless Applications

Abstract

In this research, a wideband square-shaped slot inside circular-shaped Micro strip Patch Antenna (MPA) with fractal geometry over a partial ground layer which has a rectangular shape is presented. An iterative method of fractal geometry is utilized that reaches up to the 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> iteration so as to attain a wider range of frequencies. This antenna is designed by a software simulator known as a high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) version 14. FR4 substrate is used to design this antenna with a small size of (22×22) mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , "1.5mm thickness h, 4.3 permittivity ϵr, and loss tangent of 0.02". The proposed antenna is excited by a micro strip line feed. It has a wide bandwidth which ranges from 4.6GHz to 9.2GHz with two resonance frequencies at 5.8GHz and 7.9GHz respectively, and 4.6GHz an impedance bandwidth of this antenna. The width of ground W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> and length of ground L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> values is optimized in order to achieve optimum parameters in terms of bandwidth and gain for enhancing the antenna performance. Simulated reflection coefficient S1.1 values are -58 dB and -26dB at 5.8GHz and 7.9GHz resonance frequency with 95.9% radiation efficiency with a peak gain of 4dB. The proposed antenna is suitable for wideband applications such as radar, Wi-Fi, C-band and ISM band.