Circular RNA identification and implication of a role of circAGO3 in the infection of white spot syndrome virus in Pacific white shrimp.

Comparative analysis of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) miRNAs expression profiles during WSSV infection under experimental conditions and in pond culture

Transcriptome-based insights into the regulatory role of immune-responsive circular RNAs in Litopanaeus vannamei upon WSSV infection

Identification and characterization of two novel vascular endothelial growth factor genes in Litopenaeus vannamei

Characterization of two types of vascular endothelial growth factor from Litopenaeus vannamei and their involvements during WSSV infection.

Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to detect the progression of apoptosis in haemocytes of WSSV infected Penaeus vannamei at different time-points (1.5 hpi, 18 hpi and 56 hpi). Apoptosis in haemocytes was found to increase with time of infectivity from 5.06 to 69.63%. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used for the expression analysis of four apoptosis-related genes such as Death-associated protein 1, caspase-5, translationally controlled tumor protein, and cathepsin D. The evidence of apoptosis in haemocytes of P. vannamei was established as shown by significant increase in the percentage of late apoptotic cells due to WSSV infection in shrimp. The present study gives an insight to the apoptosis rate in a WSSV infected shrimp during the course of infection and the role of apoptosis related genes.

One type of VEGFR is involved in WSSV infection to the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library was constructed using hepatopancreas of the WSSV infected black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. The differentially expressed ESTs of SSH cDNA library represented different functional categories belonging to energy and metabolism, osmoregulation, cytoskeletal and structural proteins, membrane traffic and organelle structure, immune genes, protein folding, transport and synthesis, ovarian and oocyte development, nucleic acid processing, cell cycle and heat shock protein. The ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) was one of the differentially expressed gene which was identified from the SSH cDNA library. The full length cDNA of P. monodon Arf (pmArf) was cloned by 3′- and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3′/5′ RACE). The complete nucleotide sequence of pmArf encoded protein sequence of 180 amino acids revealed the characteristic conserved features of the Arf family proteins represented by the P-loop, the switch regions and interswitch region. The sequence homology indicated that the pmArf belonged to class II of Arf family. The gene expression analysis of pmArf and other immune related genes (penaeidin, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor and QM) in the gills, hepatopancreas and gut tissues of the WSSV infected shrimp was carried out by Real-Time PCR. The pmArf gene was up-regulated with highest gene expression levels at 24 h (1.33-fold) in the gill tissues and at 48 h in the gut tissues (1.44-fold) and hepatopancreas (1.46-fold) of WSSV infected shrimp, indicating its potential role in immune response against WSSV infection.

Function of shrimp STAT during WSSV infection

A double chitin catalytic domain-containing chitinase targeted by c-Jun is involved in immune responses in shrimp

Knockdown of Litopenaeus vannamei HtrA2, an up-regulated gene in response to WSSV infection, leading to delayed shrimp mortality

Signaling pathways regulating innate immune responses in shrimp

A novel WSSV responsive plasma protein from Litopenaeus vannamei contributes to hemocytes anti-apoptosis

eIF2α of Litopenaeus vannamei involved in shrimp immune response to WSSV infection

Protection of blue shrimp ( Litopenaeus stylirostris) against the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) when injected with shrimp lysozyme

Effect of immune gene silencing in WSSV infected tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon