Abstract
A process for high efficiency large area Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 (CIGSSe) thin film solar modules is developed applying rapid thermal processing and controlled sodium doping. Continuous optimization aims at sufficient process maturity for a successful transfer into cost-effective mass production. The pilot line yields aperture area efficiencies of 11% (average) for 30×30 cm 2 modules and a certified champion efficiency of 13.1% for the first 60×90 cm 2 demonstrator module (unencapsulated). First Cd-free 30×30 cm 2 circuits yield up to 11.9% efficiency applying CBD-Zn(S,OH)-buffer layers. Investigations on the absorber formation by structural, compositional and electrical characterization will be given. Models for the Ga and S distribution will be discussed and experimentally verified. A favorable double band gap grading structure is accomplished by controlled sulfur profiling and by a process induced gallium accumulation towards the back electrode. The stability of the frameless low-cost packaged pilot line modules against humidity is confirmed externally by passing the damp heat test sequence according to IEC 61646.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
