Abstract
Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician (LRJ) industries are extremely scarce in Central Europe. Therefore, each LRJ site is of great importance. One of them is Koziarnia Cave in Poland situated eastwards relative to other LRJ sites. Our investigations of this cave provided new chronostratigraphic data for the LRJ industries. A detail debitage analysis recognised the ventral thinning chips and enabled identification of the LRJ assemblage-containing stratum. Besides the LRJ assemblage, strata with traces of Late Middle Palaeolithic and Early Gravettian occupation were found at the site. The radiocarbon dates of Koziarnia samples show that the archaeological settlement represents one of the oldest Gravettian stays north to the Carpathians. Moreover, these dates demonstrate that humans and cave bears had alternately occupied the cave. Additionally, the radiocarbon dates indicate relatively young chronology of the Jerzmanowician occupation in Koziarnia Cave (ca. 39-36 ky calBP). The results suggest the long chronology of the LRJ technocomplex, exceeding the Campanian Ignimbrite event.
Highlights
The sedimentary sequence can be divided into four lithostratigraphic series
If we look at the distribution of the probability density of radiocarbon dates regardless of the stratigraphy (Fig 12) we can detect several phases of the deposition of dated material
The obtained results show the complex stratigraphy in Koziarnia Cave
Summary
The radiocarbon dates of Koziarnia samples show that the archaeological settlement represent one of the oldest Gravettian stays north to Carpathians. What is more, these dates demonstrate that the cave had been alternately occupied by humans and cave bears. Technological and experimental studies show that one is dealing here with a predetermined technique of obtaining leafshaped blades, which were later adjusted to a minimal extent to mirror the exact willow leaf shape through ventral thinning. Such technological features are present in transitional assemblages in southern
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