Abstract
Chronic kidney disease occurs insidiously and is usually diagnosed in advanced stages when its evolution is more difficult to control. Frequently, it is favored by inadequately controlled hypertension and/or insufficiently controlled diabetes mellitus, exacerbating their consequences. The complications of chronic kidney disease are manifested by edema, electrolyte and acid-base disorders, cardiovascular damages, anemia, and bone disorder. The most severe form of the condition is end-stage renal disease, when life cannot be sustained without renal replacement therapy – i.e., dialysis or kidney transplantation. Diet and the pharmacological control of high blood pressure and diabetes can slow the progression rate of chronic kidney disease. Disease-specific complications can also be addressed. Renal impairment affects the elimination of many medicines from the body, so the patient with chronic kidney disease should not be given contraindicated drugs for kidney failure and the doses for may drugs should be properly adjusted.
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