CHRONIC ASPERGILLOSIS IN BROILER CHICKEN DUE TO SUBOPTIMAL COOP SANITATION MANAGEMENT

This study aims to determine the effect of black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) on body weight and mortality of broiler chickens. Broiler chickens were randomly selected to represent 4 dose groups: control group (P0), 1.5 ml/liter extract (PI), 2 ml/liter extract (PII), and 2.5 ml/liter extract (PIII). The treatment was given by mixing black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) into the drinking water of broiler chickens for 3 weeks. The variables observed included body weight and mortality of broiler chickens. Data analysis used the one way ANOVA test followed by the LSD (Least Significant Difference) test. The results showed that the higher the dose of black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) given, the greater the broiler weight gain, while the mortality rate did not show any effect on the dose given. It can be concluded from this study that black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) has a significant effect on weight gain, but has no effect on broiler mortality

1. A total of 320 one-day-old Ross male broiler chickens were used to investigate the effects of 0·0, 2·5, 5·0 and 7·5 g/kg turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) in the diet, on antioxidant status, biochemical gas indices and mortality in broiler chickens with triiodothyronine (T3) induced ascites. 2. The TRP supplementation had no effect on blood pH, pO2 or pCO2 during the whole period of study. Moreover, supplementation of TRP did not influence the heart weight, right ventricle, left ventricle, or total ventricle weights, all relative to total live weight; RV/TV (right ventricle to total ventricle) ratio; or serum GPX (glutathione peroxidase) or SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities at week 6. 3. TRP supplementation influenced the blood and O2 saturation during the whole period of study, total mortality due to ascites, and serum total tocopherol and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Blood and serum total tocopherol increased linearly as dietary TRP level increased. Blood O2 saturation increased quadratically as dietary TRP increased. 4. Total ascites mortality and serum MDA content decreased linearly with increasing TRP level to 5 mg/kg and then reached a plateau. 5. The results of the study indicate that the addition of 5·0 g/kg TRP is sufficient to increase the blood O2 saturation and bicarbonate () concentration, and reduce the mortality due to ascites and serum MDA content.

The subject of this research article is the investigation of factors and the rate of mortality in broiler chickens in poultry farms in Maymana city. This article examines the technical, technological, and managerial factors related to poultry farms and aims to assess their impact on the mortality rate of broiler chickens in Maymana city farms. This research can contribute to improving the conditions of chick rearing and reducing mortality rates in the broiler poultry industry.
 The investigation of factors and the rate of mortality in broiler chickens in poultry farms in Maymana city holds great importance in the broiler poultry industry. The mortality of chicks in the early stages of the production chain leads to profitability and performance decline in poultry farms due to technical, technological, and managerial issues. A detailed examination of these factors and the determination of appropriate strategies to reduce chick mortality can enhance the performance and efficiency of the broiler poultry industry. Therefore, this subject is of significant importance and contributes to sustainable development and improvement in the quality of broiler chicken rearing.
 The objective of this research article is to investigate the technical, technological, and managerial factors and their impact on the mortality rate of broiler chickens in poultry farms in Maymana city.
 In this research, using a descriptive research method, the status of the poultry rearing industry and the relationship of its dependent variables were examined. After preliminary investigations, 17 active poultry farms were selected using the systematic sampling method (SD) for conducting face-to-face interviews and completing questionnaires.
 The results showed that many of the examined farms did not reach a satisfactory level in terms of technical, technological, and managerial factors. The influence of each of these factors on animal losses in broiler farms was 31.71%, 33.08%, and 34.19%, respectively. Additionally, disease factors also had an impact on animal losses. The common diseases in broiler farms in Maymana city included Newcastle disease, avian influenza, and Gumboro, which caused significant losses in the chickens.

The bidara plant is known as a plant that contains active ingredients and phytochemicals that have the benefit of stimulating physiological processes in the body to run well and have a healthy effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving bidara leaf extract on the production performance and mortality of broiler chickens. A total of 60 DOC broiler chickens were used in this study with an average body weight of 45 g which was divided into 4 treatments, including T0: control, T1: 10% bidara leaf extract, T2: 15% bidara leaf extract, T3: 20% bidara leaf extract. Each treatment was repeated 5 times with 3 research units per plot. The study was carried out experimentally in vivo using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) research method. The data was processed by analysis of variance with the F test at the 5% level and continued with Duncan’s test. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on production performance and mortality in broiler chickens at the 10% bidara leaf usage level. The use of bidara leaf extract can be used as a supplement in the maintenance of broiler chickens as a substitute for synthetic supplements.

tThe present study investigated the effect of stocking density on growth performance, stress reaction, and mortality in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty (240) day-old straight run commercial broiler chicks (Vencob) were divided into two batches having 120 chicks each and further subdivided into three equal groups (G1, G2, G3) representing different stocking densities (20, 25, and 30-meter square/bird) having 40 chicks in each group. It was evident that, after the 2nd week, body weight gain of G3 group was significantly (p&lt;0.01) higher than G2 and G1. In 4th week, body weight gain of G2 and G3 groups was significantly (p&lt;0.01) higher than G1. After completion of 35 days of the trial, the last week’s body weight gain of G2 (577.15 ± 28.78 g) was found significantly (p &lt;0.01) higher than G1 (554.07 ± 28.78 g) and G3 (517.35 ± 28.78 g). During 1st week, the FCR of broiler chicken of G1 (1.96 ± 0.02) group was found to be significantly (p &lt;0.01) higher than G2 (1.83 ± 0.02) and G3 (1.82 ± 0.02). During 3rd week, FCR of G1 (1.94 ± 0.02) group was significantly (p&lt;0.01) higher, while at 4th week, the FCR of G3 (1.81 ± 0.03) was found significantly (p&lt;0.01) higher than other groups. The least square means of H/L ratio were significantly higher in G1 and G3 groups as compared to the G2 group. During the experimental period, 2.5 % mortality was observed in G1 and G2 groups, whereas 5% in group G3.

Received: 2020-11-16 | Accepted: 2021-06-01 | Available online: 2021-12-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.04.334-339 In this work we aimed to analyse the effect of different levels of Musculaton ® with selected amino acids and herbal extracts on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total 240 one-day-old broiler chickens Ross 308 of mixed sex were divided into four experimental groups (n = 60): a control and three experimental groups with addition of Musculaton ® in levels 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25% in drinking water from 22 to 35 day of fattening. In nutrition, we used commercial feed mixtures, water and feed was provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period of 42 days. The body weights of all birds were recorded individually at weekly interval from 1 to 42 day. Total feed consumption and total mortality were determined to 42 day of fattening period. Carcass characteristics were detected at the end of the experiment. The addition of different levels of Musculaton ® significantly increased ( p  &lt;0.05) the live weight of broilers from 28 to 42 days of age compared with control. In the whole trial period, feed consumption and mortality were no affected by addition of Musculaton ® to drinking water compared control group. As regards carcass parameters, the addition Musculaton ® in drinking water significantly decreased ( p  &lt;0.05) abdominal fat weight and significantly increased ( p  &lt;0.05) breast proportion. Carcass yield and thigh proportion were not affected ( p  &gt;0.05) by the application of Musculaton ® . The liver, pancreas, kidney and small intestine proportions were significantly higher ( p  &lt;0.05) in chickens supplemented by Musculaton ® . In case of neck, crop, heart, proventriculus, gizzard, caecum and large intestine weights among control and experimental groups we observed no statistically significant differences ( p  &gt;0.05). 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ObjectiveAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary glutamine (Gln) and arginine (Arg) supplementation on performance, intestinal morphology and ascites mortality in broilers.MethodsA total of 675 day old chicks were randomly allocated to 9 experimental groups in a 3×3 factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with 5 replicates of 15 chicks. Three levels of dietary Gln (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) and Arg (100%, 130%, and 160% of Ross recommendation) supplementation were used in ascites inducing condition (15°C ±1°C) from 7 to 42 days of age.ResultsDietary supplementation of Gln increased body weight gain during grower, finisher and total periods (p<0.05) and increased feed intake during total period. Ascites mortality was decreased by Gln supplementation (p<0.05). Gln supplementation increased the villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) in duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05). Arg supplementation decreased CD in duodenum and jejunum, and increased ileum villus width (VW) and also VH/CD ratio in duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05). Both Gln and Arg increased the goblet cell number (GCN) in duodenum whereas Gln supplementation decreased GCN in jejunum and ileum (p<0.05). The Gln×Arg interaction were observed for right ventricle (RV)/total ventricular (TV) ratio, VH, VW, CD, VH/CD.ConclusionIt was concluded that dietary 0.5% Gln alone or along with 130% Arg of Ross requirement, improve the intestinal morphology and performance and hence decrease the ascites mortality in broiler chickens with cold induced ascites.

Poultry farming is vital to Nigeria’s economy and provides a key protein source, yet many farms struggle with slow growth and high mortality in broiler chickens. This study aimed to assess the impact of magnetised water on broiler growth. 40 broiler chickens were housed in four groups (T0-T3) at the National Integrated Farm Project in Ilorin, Nigeria. The water treatment involved a setup with neodymium magnets and varied exposure times: T0 (control, no magnetisation), T1 (55 s), T2 (110 s), and T3 (165 s). Each group had 10 birds, and weekly weight was recorded over seven weeks. A paired t-test was used to analyze growth differences between treatments. Average weekly weight gains for T0, T1, T2, and T3 increased progressively, with T3 showing the highest gain. Paired t-test results indicated significant differences in growth between magnetised and non-magnetised groups, with calculated values above the threshold (ttab = 2.969). This study established that magnetised water increased the performance and growth rate of broiler chicken. It is therefore recommended that magnetised water can be used in producing broiler chicken for high income from poultry farming.

This study was conducted to determine welfare of broiler chickens fed ad libitum and restricted feed during early (08.00hour) and late (16:00hour) of the day. One hundred and eighty (21d old) broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement comprising of ad libitum and restricted feeding (75% of ad libitum) quantity at 8 and 16 hours feeding time in three replicates. Data were collected on leg problem, dust bathing, body temperature, mortality and haematology. Result revealed that neither feed quantity nor time had significant (P&gt;0.05) effect on leg problem, dust bathing and mortality of broiler chickens. Broiler chickens under ad lib feed quantity and 16:00hours feeding time had (P&lt;0.05) highest body temperature (40.93oC) while those under ad libitum morning (08:00hours) recorded the least (40.75°C). Pack Cell Volume had similar (P&gt;0.05) increase from 26.75% at the beginning (21d) to 31.25 (%) at 56d with broiler chickens under restricted feeding and fed at 16:00hours feeding time. Basophil count reduced from a range of 0.5-2% (P&lt;0.05) to 1% (P&gt;0.05) with restricted feeding. Also eosinophil reduced from 2-4% (P&lt;0.05) range to 0-2.5% (P&gt;0.05) with restricted feeding while birds under ad lib increased from 0-1% (P&lt;0.05) at 21d to 2.75% (P&gt;0.05) at 56d. Better welfare (good body temperature) of broiler chicken could be achieved with early feeding time irrespective of quantity. However, restricted feeding could be explored in broiler production where reduced basophil, eosinophil and stress are vital for enhanced welfare and performance.&#x0D; &#x0D;

One of the weakness of broiler chicken is susceptible to disease infection. Therefore in its feed is added by feed additive. The feed additive that is often used was antibiotics growth promoters. To produce the healthy of chicken meat, using antibiotics in feed should be avoided. The powder of areca nut contain of high flavonoid, so it can be given to broiler chicken, for replace the role of antibiotic in feed.So the purpose of this study was to evaluate the powder of areca nut in broiler chicken feed toward the production performance and its economic value. 96 day old chicks of broiler were used. They were placed at 12 swath (sized 1x1 m2) in open house, then they were distributed into 4 treatments. Every treatment consist of 3 repeted. The treatments were the level of powder of areca nut in feed, 0, 1, 2, and 3% (P0, P1, P2, and P3). Production performances were analyzed statistically, while the value of income over feed and chick cost were analyzed descriptively.Production performances include the average of feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, and mortality of broiler chickens were not significant. There were no death chicken at P1. The high value of income over feed and chick cost wereachieved by P1, in the amount ofRp7080/chicken. It can be concluded that the level of powder of areca nut in amount 1% in commercial broiler feed gave the best result. Keywords : broiler chicken, powder of areca nut, production performance, income over feed and chick cost

One of the weakness of broiler chicken is susceptible to disease infection. Therefore in its feed is added by feed additive. The feed additive that is often used was antibiotics growth promoters. To produce the healthy of chicken meat, using antibiotics in feed should be avoided. The powder of areca nut contain of high flavonoid, so it can be given to broiler chicken, for replace the role of antibiotic in feed.So the purpose of this study was to evaluate the powder of areca nut in broiler chicken feed toward the production performance and its economic value. 96 day old chicks of broiler were used. They were placed at 12 swath (sized 1x1 m2) in open house, then they were distributed into 4 treatments. Every treatment consist of 3 repeted. The treatments were the level of powder of areca nut in feed, 0, 1, 2, and 3% (P0, P1, P2, and P3). Production performances were analyzed statistically, while the value of income over feed and chick cost were analyzed descriptively.Production performances include the average of feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, and mortality of broiler chickens were not significant. There were no death chicken at P1. The high value of income over feed and chick cost wereachieved by P1, in the amount ofRp7080/chicken. It can be concluded that the level of powder of areca nut in amount 1% in commercial broiler feed gave the best result.Keywords : broiler chicken, powder of areca nut, production performance, income over feed and chick cost

High levels of guanidinoacetate acid (GAA) deteriorate growth response in broiler chickens. We propose using coenzyme Q10 , an antioxidant, and taurine (TAU), a methyl donor, to cope with the situation when high level of GAA included in diet. GAA was supplemented at 0 (control), 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25g/kg in isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets and fed to broilers (Cobb 500) from 1 to 40days post-hatch. Three additional diets were prepared by adding CoQ10 (40mg/kg), TAU (40mg/kg) or their combination (both CoQ10 and TAU at 40mg/kg) to the 2.25g/kg GAA group. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design. While weight gain (p=0.038) and feed conversion ratio (p=0.024) improved when GAA added at 1.5g/kg, higher supplementation (2.25g/kg) deteriorated these responses. These responses, however, were significantly restored by using CoQ10 , TAU or their combination. Abdominal fat deposition was significantly decreased when TAU added to broiler diets by virtue of upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Supplementing broiler diets with CoQ10 and TAU or their combination significantly decrease ascites mortality. In conclusion, CoQ10 and TAU have shown beneficial effects when high level of GAA included in broiler diets.

Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 is a causative agent that has raised increasing concern about its impact on poultry and potential public health threats. Even though H9N2 is endemic in Peninsular Malaysia, it was first reported in Sabah in August 2022, after an outbreak associated with high mortality in broiler chickens. In the present study, based on the hemagglutinin (HA) gene, we report the genetic variations and phylogenetic analysis of a H9N2 virus isolated from broiler chickens in Sabah. The sequence analysis of the HA gene revealed a 98% similarity to the H9N2 virus recently isolated from China in 2018. The amino acids in the HA cleavage site displayed a characteristic LPAI motif (PARSSR/ GLF). Notably, at position 226, the isolate had amino acid Leucine (L) demonstrating its ability to bind to the receptor of mammals, resulting in the potential risk of transmission to humans. In addition, the H9N2 isolate harboured seven potential N-glycosylation sites. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate belonged to clade h9.4.2.5 in the Y280 lineage, similar to previously reported in Malaysia. However, we observed that the isolate in this study falls in a different cluster compared with previous Malaysian isolates, suggesting different source of H9N2 introduction into the country. This prompts us to propose continuous and thorough surveillance of poultry across the country and the necessity of implementing farm biosecurity to minimize economic losses and potential threats to public health.

Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) have been used in the broiler industry to improve growth performance. The use of AGPs over a long period of time has led to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the Indonesian government has banned the use of AGPs. This has led to the search for alternative strategies to maintain productivity and the health of broiler chickens. This review aims to examine the productivity and health of broiler chickens following the AGP ban and explore potential alternatives. The ban on AGPs has resulted in decreased productivity and increased mortality in broiler chickens. Several alternatives to AGPs have been proposed, including the use of natural growth promoters and the implementation of strict biosecurity measures. Natural growth promoters, such as plant extracts have shown promising results in improving growth performance and gut health in broiler chickens. The implementation of biosecurity measures can help to prevent and control diseases, thus reducing the need for antibiotics. In conclusion, the ban on AGPs has created challenges for the broiler industry in Indonesia. However, the use of natural growth promoters and the implementation of biosecurity measures offer potential solutions to maintain productivity and the health of broiler chickens.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of water shower spray on rectal temperature (RT), serum levels of corticosterone (CORT), heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and creatine kinase (CK) in broiler chickens road transported at different times of the day. A total of 320 male broiler chickens (35days of age) were crated and subjected to either water shower spray (WS) for 10min or no water shower (control). The WS and control broilers were then loaded into an open truck and transported either from 0900 to 1100h (29.0°C and 89.0% RH) (AM) or 1900h to 2100h (26.0°C and 94.0% RH) (PM) with an average speed of 80km/h. The CORT of AM birds were significantly reduced by WS, but the treatment had negligible influence on the PM group. Transportation during AM significantly elevated RT, CORT and HSP70 compared to the PM group. Water shower spraying of birds before transit significantly reduced RT and HSP70 compared to controls. Neither water shower treatment nor transportation time had a significant on CK and mortality rate of broilers. In conclusion, water shower spray is beneficial to alleviate the physiological stress response in road-transported broilers under the hot and humid tropical environment.