Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether endurance exercise-induced changes in blood plasma composition may lead to adaptations in erythrocytes, skeletal muscle and liver. Forty sedentary rats were randomly distributed into two groups: a group that was injected with pooled plasma from rats that swam until exhaustion and a group that was injected with the pooled plasma from resting rats (intravenous administration at a dose of 2 mL/kg body weight for 21 days). Total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls were higher in the plasma collected from the exercised rats compared to the plasma from the resting rats. Νo significant difference was found in blood and tissue redox biomarkers and in tissue metabolic markers between rats that received the “exercised” or the “non-exercised” plasma (P > 0.05). Our results demonstrate that plasma injections from exercised rats to sedentary rats do not induce redox or metabolic adaptations in erythrocytes, skeletal muscle and liver.
Highlights
Blood “composition” dramatically changes during and a few hours after exercise
The level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC) was numerically higher in the pooled plasma collected from the exercised rats compared to the pooled plasma collected from the resting rats by 19% (TAC, 12.4 vs. 14.8 nmol/mg protein), 27% (MDA 0.044 vs. 0.056 μmol/L) and 114% (PC 0.14 vs. 0.30 nmol/mg protein), respectively (Fig. 2)
Phase 2 Effects of blood plasma injection on redox biomarkers In blood plasma, no significant differences were found in total antioxidant capacity (26.0 ± 5.3 vs. 25.5 ± 5.1 nmol DPPH/mg protein) and malondialdehyde (0.10 ± 0.02 vs. 0.10 ± 0.03 μM) between the group that received the plasma from the resting rats and the group that received the plasma from the exercised rats (P > 0.05)
Summary
Blood “composition” dramatically changes during and a few hours after exercise. The blood levels of some molecules increase in response to acute exercise (e.g., inflammatory cytokines), while the levels of other molecules decrease (e.g., myostatin). Myokines and adipokines (i.e., cytokines released from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, respectively) are two representative examples of molecules that are released into the bloodstream during and after exercise [1, 2] Along with these tissues, there is compelling evidence. This is best exemplified by the elegant experimental approaches implemented by different research groups in order to reveal the role of circulating molecules in diverse biological phenomena (e.g., exercise adaptations, healthy aging, longevity). With regard to exercise, a great debate exists in the literature about the role of post-exercise increases in several humoral factors on skeletal muscle adaptations (e.g., anabolism and hypertrophy) [33]
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