CHOREOGRAPHY OF BEDHAYA DIRADAMETA IN MANGKUNEGARAN STYLE: A STUDY ON THE CREATION OF MOVEMENT PATTERNS

In motion analysis research, the methodology for estimating the physical processes of human movement is highly developed, but the methodology for interpreting such data is relatively undeveloped. One of the aims of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of developing a conceptual basis for interpreting data about the physical processes of body movement. In this conceptual study, one topic was discussed as a central question: what it means to answer the question what a certain movement technique is aimed for. We first introduced the distinction between explanations from the perspective of causes and explanations from the perspective of purposes as a mode of explaining events, and pointed out the importance of explanations from the perspective of purposes. We next argued that by taking the perspective of whether a given movement technique leads to a desired outcome in comparison to other movement techniques, we can expect to interpret what a given movement technique is for based on objectively observable information rather than the subjective intentions of the athlete. In addition, we discussed how the criterion movement patterns should be defined when assessing the fitness for purpose of a given movement technique in terms of its consequences. In this regard, our argument is that it is necessary to take into account that the exact same movement pattern cannot be performed every time, even for the same motor task, and that there are multiple options for how to define the set of possible movement patterns that can be performed. Our discussion reveals the peculiarity of grasping the meaning of movement techniques, and therefore suggests that there is a substantial need for motion analysis researchers to deepen their conceptual analysis to understand the nature of this issue.

Editor's evaluation: Retinal motion statistics during natural locomotion

When people navigate a space to perform tasks, their body and eye movements are closely linked. Within the classroom context, characteristics of teachers' body movements may be related to the noticing of relevant classroom events, in particular, visual attention to student disruptions. In the current study, we investigated this relationship in an immersive virtual reality (IVR) classroom that offered a standardized environment for tracking teachers' body and eye movements. Based on time series data collected during a short teaching task with 21 preservice teachers, we conducted K-means clustering with body movement features. We identified three distinctive patterns, which we labeled as immobile, anchored, and dynamic (body) movement patterns. Teachers with dynamic movement patterns venture away from the teacher's desk to far corners of the room; they don't dwell in one location for long but rather move continuously to various parts of the classroom, creating a dispersed movement. Dynamic movement patterns were associated with the best visual attention performance, defined as the number, speed, and duration of fixations on a classroom disruption. Our findings demonstrate the existence of unique and differentiable movement patterns among preservice teachers that have implications for teacher noticing, teacher–student interaction, and instructional quality.

The effects of maternal exercise on fetal heart rate and movement patterns.

This paper describes an approach to structuring behavioral knowledge based on classification of human whole body motions and extraction of the behavioral transitions. The motion patterns are learned by Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), which can be used for classification of the motion patterns. The HMMs are called “motion symbol” since They abstract their corresponding motion patterns. The motion patterns are organized into a hierarchical tree structure (“motion symbol tree”) representing the property of similarity among the motion patterns. The motion patterns are classified based on the motion symbol tree. Concatenated sequences of motion patterns are stochastically represented as transitions between the abstracted motion patterns by using an N-gram Model (“motion symbol graph”), and the transitional relationships of the human behaviors are extracted. The integration of the motion symbol tree and the motion symbol graph makes it possible to recognize motion patterns fast and predict human behavior during observation. The experiments on a large motion dataset validate the proposed framework.

Alcohol intoxication is the cause of many falls requiring emergency care. The control of upright standing balance is complex and comprises contributions from several partly independent mechanisms like coordination, feedback and feedforward control and adaptation. Analysis of the segmental body movement coordination offers one option to detect the severity of balance problems. The study aims were (1) to investigate whether alcohol intoxication at 0.06 and 0.10% blood alcohol concentration (BAC) affected the segmental movement pattern under unperturbed and perturbed standing; (2) whether alcohol affected the ability for movement pattern adaptation; (3) whether one's own subjective feeling of drunkenness correlated to the movement pattern used. Twenty-five participants (13 women and 12 men, mean age 25.1 years) performed tests involving alcohol intoxication. Body movements were recorded at five locations (ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and head) during quiet standing and pseudorandom pulses of calf muscle vibration for 200 s with eyes closed or open. There was no significant effect of alcohol on the general movement pattern in unperturbed stance or on adaptation. However, when balance was repeatedly perturbed, knee movements became significantly less correlated to other body movements over time at 0.10% BAC and when visual information was unavailable, suggesting that the normal movement pattern could not be maintained for a longer period of time while under 0.10% BAC intoxication. Subjective feelings of drunkenness correlated often with a changed upper body movement pattern but less so with changed knee movements. Thus, an inability to relate drunkenness with changed knee movements may be a contributing factor to falls in addition to the direct effect of alcohol intoxication.

Ambient displays allow physical space to be transformed into a dynamic and ever-changing environment in which boundaries are dissolved. However, it is likely that the incorporation of such digital elements affects people’s perception and understanding of space. In this particular study, a series of experiments were conducted to examine how a skewed perspective projection via an ambient display influences people’s navigation in public spaces. The findings are then presented showing how the participants’ responded to the presence of the skewed projection and the effects on the movement patterns. This study discusses the ability of an ambient display to influence navigation paths and suggests that a projection with skewed perspective can determine the creation of new movement patterns.

Purpose of research One of the ways to increase effectiveness of rehabilitation systems for patients with musculoskeletal disorders is the use of exoskeletons, which make it possible to ensure lower limbs movement according to the laws close to natural gait set by the rehabilitation therapist. The article considers a method based on construction of ankle joint motion trajectories (AJ) followed by synchronous determination of rotation angles of lower limb links based on numerical solution of inverse kinematics problem. It is known that the use of simplified laws of ancle joint movement and feet without taking into account anthropometric parameters of a patient leads to the formation of an incorrect gait and, as a result, a significant increase in rehabilitation time of a patient. Therefore, when constructing mathematical model of ankle motion patterns, it is proposed to use the method of video capture of marker points selected on AJ and foot, followed by processing and approximation of received signals using polynomials, which provides high accuracy of reproducing motion patterns. Purpose of research is to build motion laws of exoskeleton links along the trajectory of AJ motion based on a numerical solution of inverse kinematics problem.Methods. Experimental walking studies with the construction of AJ motion trajectory based on video fragment, smoothing and approximation of this trajectory and solving reverse kinematics problem are used to achive this goal.Results. Method for construction and processing of foot motion trajectory and finding kinematic characteristics of links motion for creation of exoskeleton motion patterns in gait is introduced.Conclusion. Simulation results shows that proposed methods of constructing motion trajectory and gait modeling of the exoskeleton make it possible to copy the gait of a person with high accuracy in rehabilitation process.

Drivers typically are less susceptible to motion sickness than passengers. The influence of vehicle control has theoretical implications for the etiology of motion sickness, and has practical implications for the design of virtual environments. In the present study, participants either controlled or did not control a nonvehicular virtual avatar (i.e., an ambulatory character in a console video game). We examined the incidence of motion sickness and patterns of movement of the head and torso as participants either played or watched the game. Motion sickness incidence was lower when controlling the virutal avatar than when watching an avatar that was controlled by someone else. Patterns of head and torso movement differed between particpants who did and did not control the avatar. Indepenently, patterns of movement differed between participants who reported motion sickness and those who did not. The results suggest that motion sickness is influenced by control of stimulus motion, whether that motion arises from a vehicle or from any other source. We consider implications for the design of humancomputer interfaces.

In this experiment, 36 participants engaged in one of three span tasks; digit span, body movement span, or hand movement span task, in which they were asked to remember visually presented sequences of digits, whole body movement patterns, or hand movement patterns, respectively. As in a standard memory span procedure, the items within each sequence were recalled in order. Participants were presented with increasingly longer sequences of the items, and span score was defined as the number of items in the longest sequence a participant could recall perfectly. The span tasks were tested under three concurrent task conditions; no concurrent task control, concurrent articulation task, and concurrent body-related movement task. The concurrent movement task interfered with performance on both body movement and hand movement span tasks, but not on the digit span task, while the concurrent articulation task interfered with performance on all of the three span tasks. It is suggested that memory for movement patterns, which is involved in the body and band movement spans, would be mediated by a common motor-processing system.

The emergence of fetal behaviour. III. Individual differences and consistencies

This study examines the "Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Body Movement Techniques and Exaggeration to Increase Motivation in Children at the Al-Kahfi Orphanage, Bukit Kecil District, Palembang City". This study aims: first, to determine the level of body movement of children at the Al-Kahfi Orphanage after and before applying body movement and exaggeration techniques. Second, to find out the Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Body Movement and Exaggeration Techniques to Increase Motivation in Children at the Al-Kahfi Orphanage, Bukit Kecil District, Palembang City. This study used a quantitative approach and pre-experimental methods, with a population of 20 children with a sample of 7 children using probability sampling. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques through the Wilxocon test with the help of the SPSS version 23 window form program. The results showed that the first was in a high level obtained from the results of the frequency of 7 respondents and 20 statement items with details of 2 children in a low state with a proportion of 28.6%, 5 people in a high state with a proportion of 71.4%. Second, Asymp.sig (2-tailed) has a value of .004. The value of .004 <0.05 means that poetry that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected means that there is a difference in the results of the Pretest and Posttest. So it was concluded that group counseling with Body Movement and Exaggeration techniques was effective for increasing motivation in children at the Al-Kahfi Orphanage, Bukit Kecil District, Palembang City.

Autism, kinematics and social cognition

Dancers are at an increased risk of low back pain (LBP) and lower extremity (LE) musculoskeletal injuries due to repetitive high velocity end range movements. Previous injuries, movement pattern inefficiency (poor movement control), and excessive flexibility are suggested contributors to injury in dancers. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool used to assess functional movement performance with emerging evidence for injury prediction. PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between injury history, total body flexibility and movement pattern performance in college dance majors. METHODS: Twenty-one, currently injury free, female dance majors (mean age: 18.1 ± 0.74, height: 161.3 ± 5.5 cm, weight: 57.6 ± 8.4 kg), completed the FMS (0-21), a flexibility assessment (Beighton score; 0-9), and an injury history questionnaire. Spearman’s rho (rs) correlations were used to assess the hypotheses that a higher number of dance related injuries and history of LBP would be moderately associated with excessive flexibility (higher Beighton score) and poorer functional movement patterns (lower FMS score). RESULTS: The median and range of the FMS and Beighton scores were: FMS (15, 5-19); Beighton (1, 0-5). The mean number of dance related injuries were 1.8 ± 1.3 (71.8% in the LE). 17 of 21 had a previous LE injury while eight (17.9%) dancers had a history of LBP. There was no relationship between history of LBP and FMS (rs = -.02, p= .94) or Beighton score (rs = .16, p= .48), and the number of dance injuries and Beighton score (rs = .06, p = .78). Beighton and FMS scores were not significantly associated (rs = .27, p =.24). However, a significant and moderate negative association existed between FMS score and number of dance injuries (rs = - .57, p = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that an increased number of previous injuries is associated with poorer movement pattern control in dancers and explains 25% of the variance in the FMS scores. Over 70% of reported injuries were LE and FMS heavily assesses LE movement patterns. Further studies are needed to examine the utility of the FMS for identifying injury risk in dancers.

The rehabilitation of a competitive swimmer with an asymmetrical breaststroke movement pattern