Abstract
Chlorination is considered the most economical, efficient, and easily‐applied method of disinfecting water. This article discusses three forms of chlorine used to disinfect water, chlorine (liquid or gas), calcium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite. Chlorine residual is also defined. Three sample dosage calculation problems accompany the article. The article also discusses the chemical reactions that occur when chlorine gas, calcium hypochlorite, or sodium hypochlorite is added to water for disinfection purposes. The following chlorine residuals are discussed: hypochlorous acid; hypochlorite ion; monochloramine; dichloramine; and trichloramine. Breakpoint chlorination is defined and discussed, as well as superchlorination and dechlorination.
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