Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cell Clustering Does Not Correlate With In Vivo Histamine-Sensitization When Measuring Residual Activity of Aldehyde-Treated Pertussis Toxin (PT)

Abstract

CHO cell clustering test failed to detect a reversion to PT toxicity of a commercial DTaP vaccine batch that failed to pass the test for reversion to histamine sensitizing (HS) activity. Efficacy of CHO cell clustering assay was, accordingly, evaluated using purified PT treated with graded concentrations of formaldehyde at 37° C for 24 h. The formaldehyde-treated PT was shown to lose CHO cell clustering activity to the level of 0·01% by the mild treatment while retaining 3·7–20·3% of HS activity which were far over the levels of commercial vaccines. When a reversion to toxicity of the aldehyde-detoxified PT was examined by incubating at 37° C for three weeks, CHO cell clustering test again failed to detect the reversion to toxicity of the PT which showed a remarkable reversion to HS activity. These findings suggested that CHO cell clustering test might have an efficacy limitation in predicting in vivo activity of aldehyde-treated PT. Copyright 2002 The International Association for Biologicals. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.