Abstract
ObjectiveVarious childhood adversities have been found to be associated with chronic pain in adulthood. However, associations were moderate in most studies, i.e. odds ratios (OR) were between one and two.MethodAn internet survey was performed in 508 Polish and 500 German subjects. A total of 19 childhood adversities were selected and their associations with headaches explored. Age, gender and country were included as potential confounders, as well as their two-way interaction with the risk factors.ResultsTwo strong risk factors were identified. (1) A combined score for physical and emotional neglect showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.78 (p < .002) to the frequency of headache in adulthood as a main effect. (2) Father having had chronic pain showed an OR of 4.36 (p < .001) with headache in adulthood for women, but not for men (OR = 0.86, p < .556). The majority of the examined childhood adversities were not associated with adult headache, neither when tested individually nor as a sum score.ConclusionThis study confirms results from previous ones that childhood adversities may play a role in the development of adult headache, but it is a rather minor one. Contrary to other studies, neglect turned out to be one of the strongest predictors.
Highlights
In developed countries, chronic pain is one of the most challenging tasks health care systems face) (e.g. [1])
The majority of the examined childhood adversities were not associated with adult headache, neither when tested individually nor as a sum score
This study confirms results from previous ones that childhood adversities may play a role in the development of adult headache, but it is a rather minor one
Summary
Various childhood adversities have been found to be associated with chronic pain in adulthood.
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