Abstract
A variety of natural substances including both volatile organic compounds and water-soluble compounds play a significant role in the chemotactic behaviors of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We observed chemotactic behaviors of C. elegans with respect to response to attractants produced by nematode parasitic fungus Stropharia rugosoannulata, which were partially induced by specific amino acids. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis suggested that 1-octen-3-ol was produced and benzaldehyde concentrations increased when L-phenylalanine was added to water agar plate. Similarly, the addition of L-tryptophan to the medium induced the production of benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol and indole. The presence of L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan increased the attraction of C. elegans to S. rugosoannulata. With attraction increased, nematode mortality increased more than 6 times higher.
Highlights
A variety of natural substances including both volatile organic compounds and water-soluble compounds play a significant role in the chemotactic behaviors of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Migrated up to the plate of the S. rugosoannulata mycelial lawn cultured on water agar (WA) supplemented with L-Tryptophan and 15.8% moved up to the lawn containing L-Phenylalanine
There was no significant chemotaxis toward the non-inoculated WA medium supplemented with phenylalanine or tryptophan, or toward strain 1.2052 cultured on WA without amino acids (Fig. 1)
Summary
A variety of natural substances including both volatile organic compounds and water-soluble compounds play a significant role in the chemotactic behaviors of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We observed chemotactic behaviors of C. elegans with respect to response to attractants produced by nematode parasitic fungus Stropharia rugosoannulata, which were partially induced by specific amino acids. Microorganisms such as bacteria can produce diacetyl (butabediol) as attractants for nematodes (Zhang et al, 1997) Some bacteria such as the Bacillus nematocida B16 is capable of releasing a variety of food-like odors as attractants, including benzaldehyde, 2-heptanone, indole, naphthalene, 2, 5-dimethy-lanisole, benzyl benzoate and acetophenone, and these VOCs have shown potent nematode-attracting abilities (Niu et al, 2010). Chemotaxis of Caenorhabditis elegans toward volatile organic compounds from Stropharia rugosoannulata induced by amino acids unique stellate cells, which resemble a sharp sword and can damage the nematode cuticle, resulting in leakage of nematode inner materials (Luo et al, 2006)
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