Abstract
Chemocatalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass to value-added chemicals has attracted global interest in order to build up sustainable societies. Cellulose, the first most abundant constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, has received extensive attention for its comprehensive utilization of resource, such as its catalytic conversion into high value-added chemicals and fuels (e.g., HMF, DMF, and isosorbide). However, the low reactivity of cellulose has prevented its use in chemical industry due to stable chemical structure and poor solubility in common solvents over the cellulose. Recently, homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the conversion of cellulose has been expected to overcome this issue, because various types of pretreatment and homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts can be designed and applied in a wide range of reaction conditions. In this review, we show the present situation and perspective of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the direct conversion of cellulose into useful platform chemicals.
Highlights
With the increasing global demand for renewable and valuable chemicals and fuels, social reliance on biomass materials and sustainable technologies is imminent [1,2,3]
We review the recent process of direct chemocatalytic conversion of cellulose to key platform chemicals (Scheme 2), which is helpful for researchers to build a deeper understanding of existing chemical processes on the value-added utilization of cellulose and rationally design a more efficient chemical catalytic conversion system for cellulose
Kobayashi et al found that the glucose yield was 88% obtained by mixed ball-milling (60 rpm for 2 days) of catalyst (K26, the purified carbon) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which was much higher than that obtained by single ball-milling (30.0%, 60 rpm for 2 days), indicating that mixed ballmilling was more efficient than single ball-milling for the pretreatment of MCC under the same conditions (180°C and 20 min) (Table 1, entry 1) [136]
Summary
With the increasing global demand for renewable and valuable chemicals and fuels, social reliance on biomass materials and sustainable technologies is imminent [1,2,3]. Renewable, sustainable, inexpensive, and nonfood biomass resource, lignocelluloses have gained widespread interest for the production of valuable fuels and chemicals with a variety of designed processing technologies [8, 9, 35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44]. An average of about 700,000 billion metric tons of cellulose is synthesized annually through photosynthesis of plants using solar energy in the International Journal of Polymer Science
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