Abstract
Mudstones can act as semipermeable membranes that induce osmotic flow and pressure changes which, in turn, cause deformation of mudstones. A numerical model was developed for describing these coupled processes by considering the nonlinear concentration-dependent semipermeable membrane properties and was applied to laboratory-scale experimental results to describe the deformation behavior. The strain behaviors obtained from the laboratory experiments were compared with the type curves obtained from the numerical simulations with constant and nonlinear concentration-dependent reflection coefficients. Both type curves efficiently explained the deformation of the sample in the early stage of the experiment, whereas incremental extension in the latter stage was only explained by the type curves with nonlinear concentration-dependent reflection coefficient. Nonlinear semipermeable membrane behavior should be considered to fully understand the long-term coupled processes observed in mudstones in the presence of a concentration gradient.
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