Chemical compounds Anti-bacterial of Citrus aurantifolia Ethanol Extract to Inhibit the Early Biofilm Formation and Growth of Enterococcus faecalis Root Canal Isolate

Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a gram-positive commensal bacterium involved in the pathogenesis of dental root canal infections. Citrus aurantifolia can inhibit the adhesion and growth of E. faecalis. The study aims to evaluate the Antibacterial properties of Citrus aurantifolia ethanol extract to Inhibit the early biofilm formation and growth of Enterococcus faecalis Root Canal Isolate. The necrotic tissue of the root canal from infected patients was cultured by E. faecalis and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (bacteria control) on ChromAgar medium. The inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm was measured using a violet crystal assay. In contrast, confirmation of E. faecalis growth from planktonic and biofilm masses was tested using the Total plate count assay, and data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. All concentrations of ethanol extract of Citrus aurantifolia showed their potential in inhibiting early phase (18 hours) biofilm formation and growth of E. faecalis clinical isolates and ATCC 29212 from planktonic and biofilm masses in vitro. At concentrations 0.5, 2, 6, and 12% have a potent biofilm inhibition, and concentrations of 14% and 16% are moderate (p>0.05:0.091). Extracts with concentrations of 0.5, 2, and 6% were bacteriostatic against the clinical isolate of E. faecalis, and ATCC isolates from planktonic, while concentrations of 12, 14, and 16% were bactericidal (p>0.05:0.548). Specifically, E. faecalis clinical isolates from biofilm masses were only bacteriostatic (p<0.05;0.01). The inhibition of the biofilm from both E. faecalis and the growth of the colony was not significantly different (p>0.05:0.753) and does not positively correlate (r = - 0.095). Citrus aurantifolia has more potent biofilm inhibition against E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (100%) than E. faecalis clinical isolate (75%). The bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal properties of extracts against the E. faecalis from planktonic are more susceptible than those from biofilm mass sources.