Abstract
According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), due to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the daily consumption of table salt should be reduced. To avoid the health consequences of iodine deficiency, it is necessary to include alternative food sources of this trace element in the human diet. One of the most effective ways of improving nutrition is the biofortification of crops with minerals and vitamins. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of iodine biofortification (potassium iodate/KIO3/, 5-iodosalicylic acid/5-ISA/and 3.5-diiodosalicylic acid/3.5-diISA/) on the chemical composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. capitata) cv. ‘Melodion’. Plants were cultivated in a hydroponic system NFT (Nutrient Film Technique). We compared the effect of iodine fertilization on the basic chemical composition, fatty acid profile, macro- and micronutrients, content of sugars, nitrogenous compounds, chlorides, and iodine compounds. The results obtained in this research indicate that the application of iodine compounds has an influence on changes of concentration of iodine and other compounds in the treated samples. In lettuce, the main fatty acid was linolenic acid; however, fertilization with iodine did not affect the fatty acid profile in plants, except for concentrations of myristic and arachidic acids. We also found that iodine fortification has positive effects on concentrations of some micro- and micronutrients. Moreover, the application of 3.5-diISA decreased the concentration of nitrates as compared to control and other treatments. Therefore, it may be postulated that the production of lettuce fortified with iodosalicylates is worthy of consideration due to the fact that it may be a good source of iodine and other compounds in the human diet.
Highlights
Iodine deficiency (ID) is regarded as one of the most important health problem that affects populations around the world [1]
The results of our study showed that the biofortification with iodosalicylic acids caused a significant increase in iodine in lettuce leaves in comparison to the control
The results from this study show that the fertilization of lettuce with 5-iodosalicylic acid (5-ISA) led to plants containing much higher amounts of iodine compared to the application of 3.5-ISA and KIO3
Summary
Iodine deficiency (ID) is regarded as one of the most important health problem that affects populations around the world [1]. Iodine is the micronutrient required for the synthesis of thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3 , so the undersupply of this element in the diet may have serious implications for health due to the effect of decreasing the secretion of thyroid gland hormones [1,2,3]. These hormones play a critical role in the growth and differentiation of the brain and neural system during fetal development; to avoid permanent damage to the neural structure, it is necessary to have adequate iodine consumption [4].
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