Abstract
A continuously cored drill hole was drilled on Surtsey in 1979 in order to study the structure of the volcano and the hydrothermal alteration of tephra formed during the Surtsey eruption. The drill hole has provided important insights into the character of the hydrothermal system in the volcano. The basalt tephra in Surtsey has been observed to alter rapidly within the hydrothermal system, concluding with the consolidation of the tephra into palagonite tuff. The temperature in the drill hole has been measured regularly, and samples of water for chemical analysis have been collected occasionally. The composition of the water in the well is basically that of seawater, but shows slight water-rock interaction. in 2002 a hot spring with a temperature of 82°C was discovered on the northwestern shore of the island. The chemical composition of the water in the hot spring shows direct mixing of seawater and rainwater, with some water-rock interaction.
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