Abstract
Apis mellifera bees obtain propolis by adding wax and salivary secretions to resinous, gummy or balsamic materials collected from various plant sources. Its chemical composition depends on many factors (type of bee, flora accessed, environment, management, season, vegetation and geographical area of collection). In the hive, the bees use propolis to consolidate structural components, varnish inside the cells and prevent vibrations. Propolis is known for its antibacterial, fungicidal, antiviral, anesthetic, antiulcer, immunostimulating, hypotensive, cytostatic, and antioxidant properties, the essential oil of Apis mellifera propolis, collected in Falcon state, was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger trap (0.06% yield). The oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC / MS) in an HP GC-MS System Model 5973. Twentythree compounds were identified (93.6%), of which the three major compounds were germacrene D (26.5%), ?-caryophyllene (10.2%) and ?-elemene (8.1%).
Highlights
Propolis is a complex resinous material produced by bees from several plant exudates
Apis mellifera species obtain their propolis by addition of waxes, salivary secretions, or gummy and balsamic material collected from various plant species (De Albuquerque et al, 2008)
De Albuquerque et al (2008), determined the chemical composition of the essential oil produced by Apis mellifera propolis from Minas Gerais
Summary
Propolis is a complex resinous material produced by bees from several plant exudates. De Albuquerque et al (2008), determined the chemical composition of the essential oil produced by Apis mellifera propolis from Minas Gerais. They found 17 compounds (91%) of which three were the major ones (E)nerolidol (17.1%), β - caryophyllene (13.4%), and petrolatum – 3.7 (11) - diene (10.4%). Bancova et al (1998), analized the chemical composition of the essential oil of Brazilian propolis in different seasons and the main components found were espatulenol (3.0 to 13.9%), (2Z, 6E)-farnesol (1.6 to 14.9%) benzyl benzoate (0.3 to 18.3%) and prenylated acetophenones ( 3.4 to 17.1%). This work focuses on determining the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Apis mellifera propolis from Paraguana Peninsula, Falcon State, Venezuela
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