Chemical composition, biological and cytotoxic activities of Cistus salviifolius flower buds and leaves extracts

Abstract

The chemical composition, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS+ and FRAP assays), anti-xanthine oxydase (XOD), anti-superoxide dismutase (SOD), anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-inflammatory (anti-5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)) and cytotoxic (OVCAR and MCF-7) activities comparison between the leaves and the flower buds (FB) of Cistus salviifolius separately extracted with methanol (MeOH) 80% was investigated. The highest phenolics content (305.30±4.68mg gallic acid equivalent (E)/g dry weight (dw)) and flavonoids (76.21±1.26mg quercetin E/g dw) were obtained in FB extract, however, the leaves has nine times higher amount of tannins (56.36±0.67mg catechin E/g dw) and more important concentration of anthocyanins (0.31±0.02mg cyaniding-3-glucoside E/g dw). It was found that FB methanolic extract exhibited better antioxidant (IC50=5.11±0.53, 4.82±0.08 and 59.27±0.13mg/L assessed by DPPH, ABTS+ and FRAP tests, respectively) and anti-SOD (IP (%)=58.39±11.67) activities than leaves extract. Moreover, FB possessed more evident cytotoxic activity against OVCAR and MCF-7 cells (IP (%)=36.85±5.66 and 35.16±4.67%, respectively) in comparison to leaves which were inactive at a concentration of 50mg/L. However, leaves showed more powerful inhibitory activities towards the enzymes AChE (IC50=18±2.71mg/L), 5-LOX (IC50=13.38±0.20mg/L) and XOD (IC50=19.48±0.21mg/L). Results showed that the organ factor influenced considerably the chemical composition content and the biological activities of C. salviifolius.