Abstract
Present study was designed to compared the total flavonoids and polyphenols contents and antibacterial activity of hawthorn extracts with different polarities as well as the underlying antibacterial mechanisms. The results showed that among all hawthorn extracts, methanol and ethanol extracts (ME and EE) exhibited high levels of total flavonoids and polyphenols contents, followed by acetone, ethyl acetate, trichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts. ME exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against tested bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus with a 1.25 μg/mL of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC). Further analysis revealed that the main phenolic compounds from ME were epicatechin (281.6 mg/100 g DW), procyanidin B2 (243.5 mg/100 g DW), chlorogenic acid (84.2 mg/100 g DW) and quercetin (78.4 mg/100 g DW). The action mechanism of ME against S. aureus could be ascribed to ME damaging cell wall and cell membrane integrity, inhibiting intracellular enzyme activity, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), also changing expression of associated genes and then inducing apoptosis of S. aureus. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of ME against S. aureus has also been demonstrated to be efficient in the food matrix (whole milk).
Highlights
Present study was designed to compared the total flavonoids and polyphenols contents and antibacterial activity of hawthorn extracts with different polarities as well as the underlying antibacterial mechanisms
Miao et al studied the antioxidant activity, chemical compositions of hawthorn extracts obtained using different solvents, the results showed that the highest total flavonoids and total polyphenols was obtained from 80% acetone extract, but the deionised water extract has the best DPPH scavenge capacity and ferric reducing power[13]
The highest total flavonoid content was obtained in ME, followed by ethanol (EE), acetone (AE), ethyl acetate (EAE), trichloromethane (TE) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts
Summary
Present study was designed to compared the total flavonoids and polyphenols contents and antibacterial activity of hawthorn extracts with different polarities as well as the underlying antibacterial mechanisms. The results showed that among all hawthorn extracts, methanol and ethanol extracts (ME and EE) exhibited high levels of total flavonoids and polyphenols contents, followed by acetone, ethyl acetate, trichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts. The biological activities and health effects of hawthorn extracts can be greatly influenced by many factors such as extraction methods, origins and varieties Among all these factors, extraction solvents, especially the polarity nature of them, showed the greatly significant effects on its phytochemical compositions and bioactivities[12,13,14]. The aim of the present study was conducted to investigate the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents and antibacterial activities of six hawthorn extracts with decreasing polarity (methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, trichloromethane and petroleum ether), and to further evaluate the possible action mechanism responsible for the antibacterial activity against sensitive strains. The antibacterial activity of ME in whole milk was evaluated
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