Abstract
This study evaluates the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative potential of oil extracts from four Iranian medicinal plants, namely Oliveria decumbens, Thymus kotschyanus, Trachyspermum ammi, and Zataria multiflora, obtained by simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The phytochemical analysis showed that oil extracts are rich in active substances such as phenolic compounds and essential fatty acids. In specific, they are rich in carvacrol, thymol, and functional polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and α-linolenic acids. This study demonstrated that, oil extracts from these plants exhibit moderate anti-glucose oxidation, anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-protein oxidation, and anti-protein glycation, also with a semi-strong capacity for anti-amylase and anti-glucosidase activity. These effects may be due to considerable potentials of these compounds in metal ions and free hydroxyl radicals scavenging, as well as competitive and mixed non-competitive inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities.
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