Abstract
Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgaris M.) essential oils are commercially available in the local Egyptian market. They were analyzed by GC and GC-MS spectrometry. The main components of anise oil were; trans-anethole (61.7 %), α-longipinene (10.1 %), cis-anethole (7.3 %), cyclosativene (5.2 %), isoledene (3.4 %) and safrol (2.4 %), while those of fennel essential oil were; d-limonene (34.6 %), trans-anethole (13.6 %), d-carvone (11 %), cis- sabinene hydrate (5.9 %), fenchone (3.9 %), β-longipinene (2.5 %), 1,8-cineol (2.0 %) and apiol (1.2 %). Their biological activities, including free radical scavenging, antimicrobial, deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein cleaving were tested, in addition to their hypoglycaemic effect. trans-Anethole as an individual major component in both essential oils was also tested. The effect of the photo-oxygenation reaction on both oils was studied. The results revealed variation of the tested biological activities of the regular and the photo-oxygenated oils. This could be explained in terms of the formed oxygenated products.
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