Abstract
Plastic surgeries are considered clean or potentially contaminated procedures. The incidence of infection in reduction mammoplasty is 1.1 to 22% and the main etiological agents are bacteria found on the skin and mucous membranes such as Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the increase in bacterial resistance with the widespread use of antibiotics, identify natural compounds with antibacterial action on postoperative surgery wounds are fundamental. Thus, the objective of this research was the identification of compounds and assessment of the antibacterial action of Copaifera spp. (copaiba) oil against standard strains and bacterial pathogens isolated from postoperative mammoplasty surgery. For this, four commercial copaiba oils (1, 2, 3 and 4) were submitted to a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oils on standard strains and clinical samples, as well as the disk antibiotics sensitivity and the synergistic effect of the oils and antibiotics, were assessed. A total of 72 compounds were identified, accounting for ~99% of the volatile constituents in the oils. Sesquiterpenes comprised 67.24– 90.11% of the components, with β-caryophyllene being the most common. Oils 1 and 2 were the most active on the S. aureus strain, with MIC similarto Oil 3, while Oil 4presented no activity. The same pattern was observed in the clinical samples. In addition, Oil 2 presented synergism when associated with amoxicillin. The synergistic effects of Copaiba oils may represent a source of therapeutic compounds against bacterial infections in surgical wound.
Highlights
The large trees belonging to the Copaifera spp. genus, commonly known as copaiba, are native of Latin America and West Africaand can be found in the north of Brazil (Arruda et al, 2009)
The chemical composition of copaiba oil extracted from the species studied in Brazil is the result of some secondary metabolites, which may be influenced by factors such as environment, attacks caused by insects and fungi, plant development period and genetic factors (Barbosa et al, 2012)
Due to the increase in bacterial resistance with the widespread use of antibiotics, the purpose of this paper is to quantitatively identify the compounds and assess the antibacterial action of four commercial copaiba oils against standard and clinical strain samples isolated from postoperative mammoplasty surgery wounds, following the good standards of scientific research methodology (Pereira et al, 2018)
Summary
The large trees belonging to the Copaifera spp. genus, commonly known as copaiba, are native of Latin America and West Africaand can be found in the north of Brazil (Arruda et al, 2009). The chemical composition of copaiba oil extracted from the species studied in Brazil is the result of some secondary metabolites, which may be influenced by factors such as environment, attacks caused by insects and fungi, plant development period and genetic factors (Barbosa et al, 2012). Β-caryophyllene is one of the main chemical markers of the copaiba oil (Balouiri, Sadiki & Ibnsouda, 2016), with antiinflammatory, anti-edema, antibacterial and antifungal actions (Arruda et al, 2009; Balouiri, Sadiki & Ibnsouda, 2016; Barbosa et al, 2012; Belleti et al, 2004). Resistant bacteria are responsible for post-surgical infections (Okdakowska-Jedynak et al, 2003) with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common microorganism among infections in hospital environments, mainly causing cutaneous infections, presenting multi-resistant fronts to the antimicrobials agents (Fung, Kirschenbaum & Ojofeitimi, 2001; Zetola, Francis, Nuermberger & Bishai, 2005)
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