Abstract
Charge fluctuations in nano-circuits with capacitor components are shown to give rise to a novel type of long-ranged interaction, which co-exist with the regular Casimir/van der Waals force. The developed theory distinguishes between thermal and quantum mechanical effects, and it is applied to capacitors involving graphene nanostructures. The charge fluctuations mechanism is captured via the capacitance of the system with geometrical and quantum mechanical components. The dependence on the distance separation, temperature, size, and response properties of the system shows that this type of force can have a comparable and even dominant effect to the Casimir interaction. Our results strongly indicate that fluctuations induced interactions due to various thermodynamic quantities can have important thermal and quantum mechanical contributions at the micro- and nanoscale.
Highlights
Fluctuation-induced interactions have widespread applications in materials and microscaled and nanoscaled devices
Charge fluctuations in nanocircuits with capacitor components are shown to give rise to a novel type of long-ranged interaction, which coexist with the regular Casimir–van der Waals force
The charge fluctuations mechanism is captured via the capacitance of the system with geometrical and quantum mechanical components
Summary
Fluctuation-induced interactions have widespread applications in materials and microscaled and nanoscaled devices. The much-studied Casimir and van der Waals interactions are due to electromagnetic mode fluctuations captured via the dielectric and magnetic response properties of the objects [1,2]. Such forces are universal, and they are especially prominent at micron distances and below. Despite the presence of charges and voltage bias in graphene-based capacitive systems, their fluctuations and subsequent induced interaction effects have never been considered. We investigate fluctuating charges transferred through the connection of a wire in a capacitor system Such charge-induced fluctuations are governed by fluctuation-dissipation relations giving rise to a novel longranged interaction of Casimir-like nature. Comparison with the typical Casimir interaction helps us understand various regimes where each type of interaction may be more important
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