Abstract
Mammalian epithelial cells have an intracellular pH (pHi) between 7.0 to 7.2. Transient increases in pHi (up to ∼7.6) can regulate normal cellular processes such as cell-cycle progression, migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and differentiation. Cells tightly regulate pHi through the activity of pH sensitive ion transport proteins. The tight regulation of cellular and subcellular pH imply that charged residues of proteins have been tailored for structural or functional purposes under specific pH optima.
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