Characterization of urban solid waste at city of Obera, Misiones, Argentina

The study aimed at determining the physical and chemical characteristics of solid waste generated in Kumasi for treatment and disposal options. Ninety households were conveniently selected comprising all the three categories of income levels in the metropolis. Solid wastes generated from these households were separated into its components with the weight and volume of each component measured. Subsequently sub-samples from the composite samples were then taken to the laboratory for the chemical analysis. An estimated amount of 1227 tons of domestic solid waste is generated daily based on the city’s current population. The study revealed that about 61% and 15% of the daily waste generated could be treated using composting or anaerobic digestion method and reuse or recycling method respectively, thus diverting a chunk of the waste from going to the landfill and subsequently increasing the lifespan of the only landfill in the city.

Solid waste generation and characterization in the University of Lagos for a sustainable waste management

PurposeUncovering the relationship between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and circular economy (CE) practices is critical not only for implementing CE but also for leveraging I4.0 to achieve sustainable development goals. However, the potential connection between them – especially how different I4.0 technologies may influence various CE practices – remains inadequately researched. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively explore the impacts of various I4.0 technologies on CE practices.Design/methodology/approachA mixed method consisting of a systematic literature review, content analysis, and social network analysis was adopted. First, 266 articles were selected and mined for contents of I4.0 technologies and CE practices; 27 I4.0 technologies and 21 CE practices were identified. Second, 62 articles were found that prove the positive influence of I4.0 technologies on CE practices, and 124 relationships were identified. Third, based on evidence supporting the link between I4.0 technologies and CE practices, a two-mode network and two one-mode networks were constructed, and their network density and degree centrality indicators were analyzed.FindingsI4.0 technologies have a low application scope and degree for promoting CE. The adoption of a single I4.0 technology has limited effect on CE practices, and wider benefits can be realized through integrating I4.0 technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT), additive manufacturing, big data and analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI) are among the top technologies promoting CE implementation and reduction and recycling were identified as the main mechanism. The integration of these technologies is the most popular and effective. Twelve CE practices were identified to be the most widely implemented and supported by I4.0 technologies.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, only journal articles, reviews, and online publications written in English were selected, excluding articles published in other languages. Therefore, the results obtained only represent a specific group of scholars, which may be fragmented to a certain extent. Second, because the extraction of the impact of I4.0 on CE mainly relies on a manual literature review, this paper only provides the statistics of the number of publications involving relationships, while lacking the weight measurement of relationships.Originality/valueA comprehensive, quantitative, and visual analysis method was employed to unveil the current implementation levels of I4.0 technologies and CE practices. Further, it was explored how different I4.0 technologies can affect various CE aspects, how different I4.0 technologies are integrated to promote CE realization, and how various CE practices are implemented simultaneously by I4.0 technologies.

Increasing population and urbanization created various problems among which solid waste management is the one.It arouses the problem of public health and environmental deterioration.Lifestyle of unconcern people is the root cause of this problem.Proper characterization of municipal solid waste is the first fundamental step for the planning of municipal waste management services.Based on composition/ characterization of waste, appropriate waste processing technologies can be selected and implemented.Characterisation of the solid waste at the duping site shows the presence of high percentage of organic matter (24%) and inert material (25 %) in the waste.Characterisation of the solid waste of the household samples shows high percentage of organic waste (55%) and low inert material (8.37%).Thus, it indicates that the proper on site (household level) segregation of different components of the waste viz., organic waste, plastic waste, metals, glass, paper, can reclaim the resources and better use it.It can be concluded that the way we manage will decide how well prepared we are for the better future.

This study investigated the solid waste generation and characterization at Mindanao State University (MSU) - Main Campus in Marawi City, addressing the critical issues of unsustainable waste management practices. Despite the recent establishment of waste management facilities in Marawi City, including a Central Material Recovery Facility (CMRF) and a Category 4 Sanitary Landfill (SLF), the campus and much of the city need help with effective waste disposal. This has led to environmental challenges such as clogged drainage systems, open dumping, and air pollution from waste burning. The study fills an essential gap in solid waste generation and characterization data, which is crucial for effective solid waste management (SWM) planning as mandated by the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003). Using a descriptive-comparative research design, the study surveyed 216 units, including residential buildings, rental properties, commercial establishments, and university facilities. The findings reveal that the MSU-Main Campus generates 9438.011 kg of waste daily, with a per capita waste generation rate of 0.9371 kg/day— significantly higher than the national average. Residential buildings are the primary waste generators, contributing nearly half of the total waste, followed by lodgings. Waste characterization reveals a substantial proportion of non-biodegradable waste (38.29%), with biodegradable waste accounting for 35.46% of the total. These findings highlight the urgent need for systematic waste management strategies, particularly focusing on waste segregation, recycling, and waste reduction to mitigate the environmental impact on campus. The study provides a comprehensive data foundation for developing a solid waste management plan and underscores the role of academic institutions in leading sustainable practices.

Solid wastes are materials which come up from various insert, toxic, inflammable, and unsuitable treatment and they can cause many environmental problems especially in the judiciary of Tuz Khurmatu in Iraq. This study was conducted on domestic solid wastes in the judiciary of Tuz Khurmatu in Iraq so as to determine the characteristics of domestic solid wastes in the city such as the rate of domestic solid wastes, density, and moisture content. Samples of 1155 were collected during three months of year 2014 (March, April, and May). These samples were provided by 55 families in the judiciary from four districts which they are: Jumhuria, Jamila, Askary and Asry. The results showed that the rate of domestic solid wastes was (0.574) kg/capita/day which is within the range of cities of high income. The average density for all locations was 140.3 kg/m3 which is within the limits of countries with high income. In addition, the average value of moisture content was 25.8% which is also within the limits of moisture content for countries with high income. The results can be used to manage the solid materials in the city.

The numerous resources are consumed and a large number of multiple-source organic solid wastes are discharged during urban metabolic, which put pressures to environment. This study combined material flow analysis and ecological network analysis to comprehensively analyse the metabolism of multiple-source organic solid waste in Hefei. Analysing current metabolic characteristics of urban multiple-source organic solid waste and relationships between the components of metabolic system can help urban environmental management. The internal material flows of the system were analysed by a metabolic network containing 5 nodes and 18 pathways, which revealed metabolic characteristics of multiple-source organic solid waste in Hefei. The study showed that the metabolic system of multiple-source organic solid waste was relatively stable though distribution of internal flows changed in 8 years. The metabolic environment and agricultural sector covered a relatively large weight in this model. The control and exploitation relationships dominated the metabolic system. The urban metabolic mechanism reflected in this research can improve efficiency of urban metabolic resource, optimize waste management and provide data support for sustainable urban development. This study provided scientific guidance for metabolic research in Hefei and similar cities in China’s rapid economic development.

The generation of solid waste in university canteens impacts the environment. When these are not well-managed, they release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere; this is due mainly to the breakdown of organic waste. The aim of this project was to estimate the amount of greenhouse gases and their environmental equivalences based on the results obtained in 2019 from the characterization of solid waste in the canteens of the Universidad Científica del Sur. The methodology was conducted in accordance with the guidelines for the characterization of municipal solid waste and the greenhouse gas inventory guide. It was found that 85.82% of waste is usable waste, of which 83.58% is organic, while 14.18% of waste is non-usable. Finally, two possible scenarios were considered for annual CO2eq generation: a) In Scenario 1, in which there is no management and recovery of waste, emissions totaling 28.88 tCO2eq were obtained, equivalent to the consumption of 3261 gallons of gasoline; b) While in Scenario 2, where the university manages and recovers solid waste, emissions totaling 4.07 tCO2eq were obtained, equivalent to the consumption of 458 gallons of gasoline.

Population growth and economic development have brought a high increase in the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). The aim of this study is to determine the generation and characterization of solid waste in a rural parish of the Ecuadorian Amazon. A survey was applied and random sampling was carried out in 51 households. The results obtained in the study determined that the generation of waste is 0.51 kg cap-1 day-1 and the apparent density obtained was 191.86 kg m-3. The different types of waste generated were characterized, the percentages obtained were 66% organic matter, 9% plastic, 7% glass, 7% of paper, 1% metals, 3% hygienic waste, 3% wood, 1% textiles and 3% of other varied materials. In addition, a means analysis was performed with the nonparametric Wilcoxon Rank-sum test (Mann Whitney) using the STATA software version 12. The results showed no significant differences (p value> 0.05) in the daily generation in both periods (April / September 2015). The values of the surveys carried out highlight a strong community acceptance towards recycling programs and separation at source. In addition, they request greater involvement of the authorities for the improvement of the current management of waste in the parish. Finally, more studies are recommended in cities and rural communities of Ecuador on the determination of the amount and composition of the waste, since there are many limitations of information, which affects the creation of effective waste management and disposal systems.

Solid waste generation and characterization are some of the most important parameters which affect environmental sustainability. Municipal solid waste (MSW) characterization depends on social structure and income levels. This study aims to determine the variations in waste components within MSW mass by income levels and seasonal conditions following the analysis conducted on the characterization of solid wastes produced in the Kartal district of the province of Istanbul, which is the research area of this study. To this end, 1.9 tons of solid waste samples were collected to represent four different lifestyles (high, medium, and low income levels, and downtown) in the winter and summer periods, and characterization was made on these samples. In order to support waste characterization, humidity content and calorific value analyses were also conducted and various suggestions were brought towards waste management in line with the obtained findings. According to the results obtained in the study, organic waste had the highest rate of waste mass by 57.69%. Additionally, significant differences were found in municipal solid waste components (MSWC) based on income level. Average moisture content (MC) of solid waste samples was 71.1% in moisture analyses. The average of calorific (heating) value (HHV) was calculated as 2518.5 kcal·kg−1.

This paper identifies, through a literature review, how 53 circular economy (CE) practices are related to the capability approach (CA) proposed by Sen. The main goal was to identify how a virtuous cycle between CE and CA can be developed. Five instrumental freedoms (IF) were analysed: economic facilities, social opportunities, protective security, political freedoms, and transparency guarantees. These relationships were analysed in three flows: CE practices positively impacting IF, CE practices negatively impacting IF, and the feedback influence of IF on CE practices. The results show that 32 of the 53 practices previously mentioned have not yet been studied from the CA context, which indicates that there are several research opportunities. From the practices considered, 72 articles were analysed in the final sample. The results suggest that several CE practices are aligned with the CA, considering that all five IF were identified as positive outcomes of CE practices. However, in some contexts, certain practices can have negative outcomes, which indicates that CE, at least in some cases, may not be considered as sustainable, as it decreases IF and, therefore, the social aspect of sustainability. The results also highlight that there is a feedback from IF to CE, in such a way that investing in the expansion of IF can facilitate the development of CE practices. Therefore, this study concludes that CE is indeed a way to fully operationalize sustainable development.

Summary This paper identifies the extent to which circular economy (CE) practices are relevant for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results of a literature review and a matching exercise to determine the relationship between CE practices and SDG targets show that CE practices, potentially, can contribute directly to achieving a significant number of SDG targets. The strongest relationships exist between CE practices and the targets of SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). The paper also explores synergies that can be created through CE practices among several of the SDG targets. Furthermore, it identifies several potential trade‐offs between targets for decent work, safe working environments, human health and current CE practices relating to recycling of municipal waste, e‐waste and wastewater, and provides suggestions how these can be overcome. The paper concludes that CE practices can be applied as a “toolbox” and specific implementation approaches for achieving a sizeable number of SDG targets. Further empirical research is necessary to determine which specific types of partnerships and means of implementation are required to apply CE practices in the SDG context.

A statistical analysis was carried out on the characterization of domestic solid waste that was generated in the San Sebastian del Coca parish which belongs to the Canton Joya de los Sachas. This paper focuses on quantifying the generation of solid waste, calculating the per capita production, determining the composition and density of solid waste, and characterizing the amount and composition of the DSW generated by the samples taken from the San Sebastián del Coca parish. 48 families were chosen to carry out the research with an average of 4 inhabitants per family for a total of 192 people. As for the methodology, the simple random sampling method was used. A total of 96 dwellings samples that were obtained directly from the dwellings was chosen to be part of the study sample. The results showed that the generation of solid waste, in other words the PPC of domestic solid waste, was 0.87 kg/inhab/day. This is with a total of 167.04 kg/day, which were collected by collector trucks and disposed according to the ordinance of the canton. The characterization of domestic solid waste in the parish has organic waste located in the first place with 78.2%. Next was the generation of plastic bags with 6.19%. This, therefore, was followed by cardboard with 5%, plastic 7.7%, and paper with 2.99%.

Rapid urbanization and economic development have not only changed the physical size of the cities but are also exerting significant additional pressure on the infrastructural services across Indian cities. Nagaland is experiencing high rate of urbanization. As per the 2011 census Nagaland recorded the highest growth rate of urbanization in the country during the last decade, which was 69 per cent as against the national growth rate of 21 per cent. Increasing solid waste is a major contemporary issue that Nagaland is facing. Monitoring of generation and characterization of solid waste is a key factor for effective solid waste management. The present study aims to examine the current rate of generation and characterization of solid waste in the three study areas. The study finds out that Mooching, Kohima, and Dimapur towns generated 40 tpd, 90 tpd, and 110 tpd of MSW with per capita generation of 1000 g, 900 g and 1100 g. The average g/capita/day for the three urban areas is 1000g which is 120 per cent higher than the national average of 450 g/capita/day. On an average the MSW composition in Nagaland is 43 per cent compostable, 30 per cent recyclable, 25 per cent inert and 2 per cent others. The study suggests to introduce composting method in the three urban towns since the percentage of compostable or biodegradable matter in MSW is higher as compared to other type of solid waste.

A landfill is one of the main sites for disposal of municipal solid waste and the current landfill disposal system faces several problems. For instance, excessive leachate water is an important factor leading to landfill instability. Understanding the permeability characteristics of municipal solid waste is a relevant topic in the field of environmental geotechnical engineering. In this paper, the current research progress on permeability characteristics of municipal solid waste is discussed. A review of recent studies indicates that the research in this field is divided into two categories based on the experimental method employed: field tests and laboratory tests. This paper summarizes test methods, landfill locations, waste ages, dry densities and permeability coefficients across different studies that focus on permeability characteristics. Additionally, an experimental study on compressibility and permeability characteristics of fresh municipal solid waste under different effective stresses and compression times was carried out. Moreover, the relationships between the permeability coefficient and effective stress as well as dry density were obtained and a permeability prediction model was established. Finally, the experimental results from the existing literature and this paper were compared and the effects of effective stress and dry density on the permeability characteristics of municipal solid waste were summarized. This study provides the basis for analysis of leachate production in a landfill.