Characterization of Ore‐Forming Fluids in the Lanuoma Sediment‐Hosted Pb‐Zn Deposit, Sanjiang Tethys Region, Southwestern China: Evidences From Fluid Inclusions, Rare Earth Elements, and C‐O‐Sr‐Nd Isotopes

305 NKF-KDOQI CKD Stage Progression and Regression Among Primary Care Patients with Mild-To-Moderately Impaired Kidney Function

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Primary Lung Cancer at a Dose of 50 Gy Total in Five Fractions to the Periphery of the Planning Target Volume Calculated Using a Superposition Algorithm

Transdiagnostic clinical staging models for mental disorders are receiving increased attention. However, their underlying assumptions are underresearched; for example, it is not clear whether the observed progression across stages occurs independently of preexisting risk factors. To test the likelihood of progression from stage 0 (familial risk) in childhood to stage 1a (mild symptoms) in adolescence and subsequently to stage 1b (clinically significant symptoms) in young adulthood, accounting for confounders, and to explore potential mediators. This prospective cohort study included participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). ALSPAC included pregnant women and their offspring residing in Avon, United Kingdom, between 1991 and 1992, with a proportion of offspring followed up into young adulthood. Eligible participants provided data on stage determinants and potential confounders from birth until age 24 years. Data were collected from 1991 to 2015 and analyzed from January 2002 to June 2025. Exposures were clinical stages 0 and 1a in separate tests of association with stages 1a and 1b, respectively. Criteria for stage 0 were the presence of schizophrenia or severe depression in a first-degree relative. Criteria for stage 1a were the presence of 1 to 2 symptoms of depression, anxiety, or psychosis at ages 12 to 13 years. Outcomes were stage 1a in adolescence and stage 1b in young adulthood. Criteria for stage 1b were at least moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety, or psychosis, with associated functional impact at ages 18 to 24 years. Confounders were sex assigned at birth, obstetric risk, parental social class, ethnicity, family adversity, temperament, early life events, and neurocognition, measured in childhood. Among those with complete data at all 3 time points (1375 participants; weighted, 7342), 796 participants (57.9%; weighted, 51.5%) were female and 579 (42.1%; weighted, 48.5%) were male. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was an association between stage 0 in childhood and stage 1a in adolescence (3860 participants; weighted, 7388 participants; odds ratio [OR], 1.65, 95% CI, 1.30-2.11) and between stage 1a in adolescence and stage 1b in young adulthood (1661 participants; weighted, 7466 participants; OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.07-4.01). Level of neuroticism in adolescence mediated 18% of the association between stage 1a in adolescence and stage 1b in young adulthood. In this cohort study, young people with mental health problems meeting criteria for early clinical stages were at heightened risk of developing subsequent stages, independent of early life risk factors. This study supports the assumption of progression underlying clinical staging models for mental disorders.

The Mortality Risk of Acute Kidney Injury Stage 1A and 1B in Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BackgroundLimbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE‐NC) is a common cause of dementia in older age. LATE‐NC was first coined in 2019 with proposed staging criteria of TDP‐43 progressing from amygdala (stage 1), to hippocampus (stage 2), to middle frontal gyrus (stage 3). Criteria were updated in 2023 to further categorize stage 1 to either TDP‐43 inclusions in amygdala alone (stage 1a) or hippocampus alone (stage 1b). We applied this updated LATE‐NC staging criteria to data from participants in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) and examined associations with clinical diagnosis and other neuropathologic changes (NCs).MethodWe selected participants in NACC with regional TDP‐43 assessments, excluding those with frontotemporal dementia‐related and rare NCs, or with a non‐Alzheimer’s disease (AD) etiologic clinical diagnosis. LATE‐NC stages were assigned according to updated criteria. We performed logistic regressions with LATE‐NC stages as predictors and clinical diagnosis (dementia, cognitive impairment, memory impairment), other neuropathologic changes (ADNC, Lewy bodies, hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS‐A), and vascular NCs), or gross atrophy at autopsy (cortical, hippocampal, frontal/temporal lobar) as outcomes. We also examined the association of LATE‐NC stages with dementia and memory impairment while accounting for other NCs.ResultOf N = 1365 participants, LATE‐NC was present in 519 (37%): 31% stage 1 (78% 1a, 22% 1b), 56% stage 2, 13% stage 3 (Table‐1). Participants with stage 1a were younger at death compared to higher stages. Stage 1a and 1b had similar associations with cognitive problems (Figure‐1). However, while other stages were associated with ADNC and Lewy bodies, stage 1b was not. Meanwhile stage 1b was associated with HS‐A more strongly than stage 1a and to a similar degree as stage 2. We observed expected associations of higher LATE‐NC stages with dementia and other NCs (Figure‐1). Lastly, LATE‐NC stage 1b was significant (and stage 1a trended) for associations with dementia and memory impairment, while higher LATE‐NC stages had associations eclipsed in strength only by highest level ADNC (Figure‐2).ConclusionThese findings highlight the utility of the updated LATE‐NC staging criteria in general, and stage 1 subtypes in particular, in capturing broad associations with cognitive impairment and specific associations with other neuropathologic changes.

Scheelite (CaWO4) is an economically important W mineral in skarns that form when magmatic fluids exsolved from a granitic intrusion react with carbonate wall rocks. In the Fujiashan W skarn deposit, scheelite formed during four stages of the hydrothermal skarn development. We present cathodoluminescence (CL) images and in situ trace element and Sr-O isotope data of scheelite from these four stages, i.e., scheelite in prograde and retrograde skarn, quartz-sulfide veins, and late calcite replacements. Scheelite from prograde skarn and quartz sulfide veins are homogeneous and show oscillatory zoning textures in CL images, whereas scheelite from retrograde skarn and late carbonate stages display dissolution-reprecipitation and patchy textures. The brightness of CL textures decreases with a higher substitution of Mo. Molybdenum-rich scheelite (up to 2.1 wt%) is characterized by relatively high contents of Nb and Ta (up to 156 and 0.9 ppm, respectively), positive Eu anomalies, high-δ18O values (5.2 to 5.9‰), and relatively low-87Sr/86Sr values (0.70661 to 0.70727), and has grown in a system with a continuous supply of magmatic fluid. Molybdenum-poor scheelite (0.2 wt%) has low contents of Nb and Ta, negative Eu anomalies, low-δ18O values (4.2 to 4.3‰), and relatively high-87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70748 to 0.70804). This type of scheelite formed in a system with a restricted flow of magmatic fluid during scheelite precipitation became increasingly depleted in elements that substitute into scheelite. The continued reaction of the magmatic fluid with the wall rocks and the precipitation of minerals from the fluid resulted in a systematic change of the δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Chemical and isotopic variations in scheelite may reflect the pulsed flow of a magmatic fluid and do not require the involvement of different fluids or contrasting redox conditions.

The role of porphyry-related skarns in the Chating porphyry copper and gold deposit, eastern China

The aim of the study is to evaluate the stage 3 findings of the 2019 revision of the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging system for osteonecrosis of the femoral head between 3A and 3B and the relationship with bone resorption area. We retrospectively enrolled 87 patients with ARCO stage 3 osteonecrosis of the femoral head, divided into stage 3A (n = 73) and 3B (n = 14). The revised stage 3 findings included subchondral fracture, fracture in necrotic portion, and flattening of the femoral head and were compared between stage 3A and 3B. The association between these findings and the causative features of bone resorption area was also evaluated. All stage 3 cases had subchondral fractures. In stage 3A, these fractures were generated by crescent sign (41.1%) and by fibrovascular reparative zone in 58.9%; however, in stage 3B, fibrovascular reparative zone generated 92.9% of these fractures and crescent sign only 7.1% with statistical significance (P = 0.034). Necrotic portion fracture was noted in 36.7% and femoral head flattening was observed in 14.9% of all stage 3. Necrotic portion fracture (92.9% vs 26.0%) and femoral head flattening (71.4% vs 4.1%) were observed more frequently in stage 3B than 3A (P < 0.001). Almost all subchondral fractures by fibrovascular reparative zone (96.4%) and necrotic portion fracture (96.9%), and all femoral head flattening was presented with bone resorption area with expanding areas. The ARCO stage 3 descriptions reflect severity in this order: subchondral fracture, necrotic portion fracture, and femoral head flattening. More severe findings are usually associated with expanding bone resorption areas.

Genesis of the E1 group of iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, Cloncurry district, North West Queensland

Cathodoluminescence and trace elements of scheelite: Constraints on ore-forming processes of the Dabaoshan porphyry Mo-W deposit, South China

Clinically, it may be appropriate to subdivide patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) into two subgroups, as they show different risks for kidney outcomes. This study evaluated the proportion of patients with stage 3 CKD who progressed to stage 4 or 5 CKD over 10 years and independent predictors of progression of renal dysfunction. It sought to validate whether stage 3 CKD patients should be subdivided. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 347 stage 3 CKD patients between January 1997 and December 1999, who were followed up through June 2010. The baseline clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared in patients with stage 3A [45 <estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)] and stage 3B (30 < eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) CKD. Of the 347 patients, 196 (58.2%) were in stage 3A. The only difference in baseline characteristics between stages 3A and 3B patients was the degree of albuminuria. During follow-up, 167 patients (48.1%) did not progress, 60 (17.3%) progressed to stage 4 and 120 (34.6%) progressed to stage 5, with 91 (26.2%) starting dialysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that macroalbuminuria [(hazard ratio (HR) 3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48-2.89, p < 0.001], microalbuminuria (HR 1.99 95% CI 1.04-3.85, p = 0.038), microscopic haematuria (HR 2.07 95% CI 1.48-2.89, p < 0.001) and stage 3B CKD (HR 2.99 95% CI 2.19-4.10, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of progression of renal dysfunction. Stage 3B patients had higher risks of adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes than stage 3A patients. About half of the patients with stage 3 CKD progressed to stage 4 or 5, as assessed by eGFR, over 10 years. Degree of albuminuria, stage 3 subgroup and microscopic haematuria were important risk factors for progression of stage 3 CKD. It would be appropriate to divide the present stage 3 CKD into two subgroups.

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is widespread in the intensive care unit (ICU) and affects patient prognosis. According to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, the absolute and relative increases of serum creatinine (Scr) are classified into the same stage. Whether the prognosis of the two types of patients is similar in the ICU remains unclear. Methods According to the absolute and relative increase of Scr, AKI stage 1 and stage 3 patients were divided into stage 1a and 1b, stage 3a and 3b groups, respectively. Their demographics, laboratory results, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 345 eligible cases, we analyzed stage 1 because stage 3a group had only one patient. Using 53 or 61.88 µmol/L as the reference Scr (Scrref), no significant differences were observed in ICU mortality (P53 =0.076, P61.88 =0.070) or renal replacement therapy (RRT) ratio, (P53 =0.356, P61.88 =0.471) between stage 1a and 1b, but stage 1b had longer ICU length of stay (LOS) than stage 1a (P53 <0.001, P61.88 =0.032). In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, no differences were observed in ICU mortality between stage 1a and 1b (P53 =0.378, P61.88 =0.255). In a multivariate analysis, respiratory failure [HR = 4.462 (95% CI 1.144–17.401), p = 0.031] and vasoactive drug therapy [HR = 4.023 (95% CI 1.584–10.216), p = 0.003] were found to be independently associated with increased risk of death. Conclusion ICU LOS benefit was more prominent in KDIGOSCr AKI stage 1a patients than in stage 1 b. Further prospective studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of reclassification.

The qualification Stage 2 encompasses Stage 2A and Stage 2B. Stage 2A ensures that the equipment, utilities, facility, and system designs are adequately qualified. Stage 2B further ensures the qualification of process performance. Process performance qualification (PPQ) or Stage 2B confirms that the manufacturing process as designed is capable of reproducible commercial manufacturing. Heightened sampling and testing is recommended during Stage 2B while simulating standard commercial manufacturing conditions. PPQ activities are performed in line with lifecycle approach by incorporating quality risk management and statistically based assessments. Completion of Stage 2B studies is a major milestone for product commercialization. The final PPQ report hence is required to be thoroughly reviewed and approved by the responsible departments to ensure the adequacy of processes prior to moving to commercial manufacturing. As an outcome, the PPQ report may suggest change control requirements to further enhance the control strategy for the product per lifecycle requirements.

BackgroundVarus ankle osteoarthritis is classified using only weightbearing anteroposterior ankle radiographs; however, sagittal ankle alignment may also affect the position and extent of joint space obliteration. We hypothesized that the sagittal alignment of the ankle may also affect the position and extent of joint space obliteration visible on the coronal section; therefore, we identified the sites of joint space obliteration in patients with stage 3 varus ankle osteoarthritis for comparison with the sites observed on simulated weightbearing computed tomography and investigated the effects of anterior and posterior ankle subluxation.MethodsSimulated weightbearing computed tomography scans of 83 ft with varus ankle osteoarthritis (26 stage 3a, 57 stage 3b) were performed to check for joint space obliteration in the ankle. Further classification as exhibiting either anterior, posterior, or no subluxation on weightbearing lateral radiographs was performed.ResultsAnterior, posterior, and no subluxation was seen in 5, 9, and 12 ankles among the 26 classified as stage 3a, respectively, and in 22, 12, and 23 ankles among the 57 classified as stage 3b, respectively. The mean tibial lateral surface angle on weightbearing lateral radiographs in stage 3a ankles was 75.6, 83.3, and 80.3 degrees in the anterior, posterior, and no subluxation groups, respectively; and 75.5, 86.6, and 82.7 degrees in stage 3b ankles (p < .05). In stage 3b ankles, widespread joint space obliteration was observed at the anterior distal articular surface of the tibia in all 22 ankles with anterior subluxation and at the posterior distal articular surface of the tibia in all 12 ankles with posterior subluxation.ConclusionsSimulated weightbearing computed tomography revealed joint space obliteration at the anterior distal articular surface of the tibia in stage 3b ankles with anterior subluxation and at the posterior side in stage 3a and 3b ankles with posterior subluxation. In some patients with stage 3 varus ankle osteoarthritis, the obliteration of the joint space is difficult to evaluate accurately using only weightbearing anteroposterior radiographs; weightbearing lateral radiographs should also be performed.

Chronic kidney disease in Taiwan – Authors' reply