Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are known to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites with beneficial effects on human health. In the current study, a novel endophytic bacterial strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1, was isolated from the seeds of Oryza sativa. Initially, the crude extract of RWL-1 was assessed for potential biological effects of enzyme inhibition and cytotoxicity and was found to exhibit a broad spectrum inhibition for α-glucosidase (37 ± 0.09%) and urease (49.4 ± 0.53%). The screening results were followed by bioassay-guided isolation of secondary metabolite(s) from RWL-1. Extensive chromatographic and spectrophotometry analyses revealed the presence of compound 1 (S)-2-hydroxy-N-((S)-1-((S)-8-hydroxy-1-oxoisochroman-3-yl)-3-methylbutyl)-2-((S)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetamide. Further bioassays of compound 1 showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase (52.98 ± 0.8%) and urease (51.27 ± 1.0%), compared with positive control values of 79.14 ± 1.9% and 88.24 ± 2.2%, and negative controls (0.08 ± 0.1% and 0.05 ± 0.01%), respectively. The current study suggests that bacterial endophytes are a rich source of novel bioactive compounds with high therapeutic value.
Highlights
The term “endophyte” refers to microorganisms that live inside plant tissues without causing apparent diseases and have the ability to colonize the internal tissues of the plant [1,2]
Given the medicinal potential of B. amyloliquefaciens, the current study aimed to explore the medicinal potential of RWL-1
Scientists have focused on endophytes because of the unique ecological niche these organisms live in [32] and several bioactive compounds with compelling therapeutic applications, such as anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-AChE, and anti-α-glucosidase enzymes have been isolated from endophytes [15,16,26,33]
Summary
The term “endophyte” refers to microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi) that live inside plant tissues without causing apparent diseases and have the ability to colonize the internal tissues of the plant [1,2]. Endophytes are pervasive in all plant parts and have been isolated from different plant parts [3] They form mutualistic relationships with host plants, which are either obligatory or facultative associations, and do not damage the host plant; this mutualistic interaction depends on many factors and can change over time [1,3,4,5]. In this extended symbiotic relationship, the plants provide shelter, protection, and access to essential nutrients; in return, the endophytes generate a beneficial correlation with the host through the modulation of endogenous phytohormones and nutrients, and improve the adaptability of plants to rapidly changing environments [6,7]. This may include competitiveness in the host tissues mediated by the secretion of secondary metabolites and the detoxification of such inhibitors delivered by endophytes [8,9]
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