Abstract
Light alkanes are abundant in shale gas resources. The bulk mixed metal oxide MoVTe(Sb)NbOx catalysts play a very important role in dehydrogenation and selective oxidation reactions of these short hydrocarbons to produce high-value chemicals. This catalyst system mainly consists of M1 and less-active M2 crystalline phases. Due to their ability to directly monitor the catalysts under the relevant industrial conditions, in situ/operando techniques can provide information about the nature of active sites, surface intermediates, and kinetics/mechanisms, and may help with the synthesis of new and better catalysts. Sophisticated catalyst design and understanding is necessary to achieve the desired performance (activity, selectivity, lifetime, etc.) at reasonable reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, etc.). This article critically reviews the progress made in research of these MoVTe(Sb)NbOx catalysts in oxidation reactions mainly through in situ/operando techniques and suggests the future direction needed to realize the industrialization of these catalysts.
Highlights
The domestic fossil feedstock in recent years is shifting towards light hydrocarbons due to the abundance of shale gas from hydraulic fracturing [1]
In situ cells/reactors designed that relevant they can withstand such conditions, better catalysts, characterization must be are done in situ so under high‐temperature/pressure while allowing for spectroscopy/microscopy data to be taken through a window
V+5 /V+4 pairs are claimed to be responsible for active lattice oxygen in most publications [11,25,26,27,50,76] but changes in oxidation states of Mo, Te(Sb), and Nb are debated based on techniques used (XPS vs. XANES/EXAFS, etc.) and the type of oxidation reactions [11,25,26]
Summary
The domestic fossil feedstock in recent years is shifting towards light hydrocarbons due to the abundance of shale gas from hydraulic fracturing [1]. Chemicals in the early 1990s for (amm) oxidation of propane to acrylonitrile and acrylic acid [5,6]. This catalyst generally consists of M1 and M2 crystalline phases and minor amounts of other phases, such as MoV, MoTe, Mo5 O14 , etc. The M2 phase has pseudo-hexagonal rings hosting Te–O units without any pentagonal or heptagonal rings.
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