Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the yield and biochemical response of lavender to polyamines (PAs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation under intercropping with marigold. The application of both putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) was found to be effective even at low doses (500 mg/L), with Spd at a dose of 1500 mg/L (Spd3M1) being the most effective in promoting flowering and essential oil (EO) content. However, the highest values of flower yield, EO content, and EO yield were recorded when the plants inoculated with AMF were sprayed with PAs. Chemical compounds analyzed by the GC-MS technique revealed the presence of 40 individual compounds accounting for more than 98.91% of them. We observed a positive response (increase) in the content of linalool, limonene, and geraniol for PAs application and fungal inoculation. The highest increase in these compounds was recorded in 1500 mg/L Put or Spd with AMF treatments.
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