Abstract
Rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial isolates is an increasing problem in China. Integron, a conserved DNA sequence, which is carried on episomal genetic structures, plays a very important role in development of antibiotic resistance. This systematic analysis was based on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. We summarized the distribution and proportion of different types of gene cassette arrays of integrons (including class 1, 2, 3 and atypical class 1 integron) from clinical bacteria isolates in China. Fifty-six literatures were included in this study. Most of the strains were Gram-negative bacteria (94.1%, 7,364/7,822) while only 5.9% strains were Gram-positive bacteria. Class 1 integrons were detected in 54.2% (3956/7295) Gram-negative strains. aadA2 was the most popular gene cassette array detected from 60 Gram-positive bacteria while dfrA17-aadA5 were detected in 426 Gram-negative bacteria. This study identified 12 novel gene cassette arrays which have not been previously found in any species. All the novel gene cassette arrays were detected from Gram-negative bacteria. A regional characteristic of distribution of integrons was presented in this study. The results highlight a need for continuous surveillance of integrons and provide a guide for future research on integron-mediated bacteria resistance.
Highlights
Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer has led to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria, complicating the treatment of infections
This study comprehensively analyzed integron distribution in China based on published articles
From the data of integron distribution, we can conclude that integrons in both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria can be detected, but integrons were widely distributed among clinically isolated Gram-negative bacteria while only seldom integrons can be detected in Gram-positive bacteria.We found that only 5 studies were about integron in Staphylococcus[3,12,27,30,31], and wherein 4 were by the same author, so we have reason to suspect that the detection results are representative
Summary
Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer has led to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria, complicating the treatment of infections. Integrons are gene capture and expression systems characterised by the presence of an intI gene encoding an integrase, a recombination site (attI) and a promoter, situated in the bacterial plasmid, chromosome or transposon, which has the capability of site-specific recombination. They can selectively capture or remove various specific drug resistance box genes, and transfer their drug resistance genes to different strains or different bacterial genera through functions, such as transformation, transduction and conjugation, a mechanism which.
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