Abstract
Eucalyptus nitens wood samples were subjected to consecutive stages of hydrothermal processing for hemicellulose solubilization and delignification with an ionic liquid, i.e., either 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate or triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate. Delignification experiments were carried out a 170 °C for 10–50 min. The solid phases from treatments, i.e., cellulose-enriched solids, were recovered by centrifugation, and lignin was separated from the ionic liquid by water precipitation. The best delignification conditions were identified on the basis of the results determined for delignification percentage, lignin recovery yield, and cellulose recovery in solid phase. The lignins obtained under selected conditions were characterized in deep by 31P-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, and gel permeation chromatography. The major structural features of the lignins were discussed in comparison with the results determined for a model Ionosolv lignin.
Highlights
Lignocellulosic materials represent a widespread, low cost and renewable bioresource suitable as a raw material for the sustainable production of fuels, chemicals and materials
The most important Eucalyptus species in terms of world plantations are E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. camaldulensis, and E. globulus, growing attention is being paid to E. nitens, owing to their decreased susceptibility to Gonipterus plagues and to its ability to resist a wide range of environmental conditions, i.e., altitudes between 600 and 1600 m, with moderate temperatures in summer and cold temperatures, frost and snow in winter [3,4]
Comparing the results generated for the E. nitens hardwood with the structural data generated for the pine Ionosolv lignin, it can be stated that [TEA]HSO4 yields a less degraded lignin in the case of pine, that is not suffering from background backbone degradation or trapped ionic liquids (ILs) residues
Summary
Lignocellulosic materials represent a widespread, low cost and renewable bioresource suitable as a raw material for the sustainable production of fuels, chemicals and materials. Woods are the most important type of lignocellulosic materials. Considered as feedstocks for the industry, woods show important comparative advantages over other lignocellulosic materials of agricultural origin, including large availability, non-seasonal character, favorable composition, and ability to grow in lands unsuitable for agriculture (avoiding direct and indirect competition with the food chain). Eucalyptus is the most widely planted type of hardwoods and can be produced at relatively low cost [2]. The most important Eucalyptus species in terms of world plantations are E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. camaldulensis, and E. globulus, growing attention is being paid to E. nitens, owing to their decreased susceptibility to Gonipterus plagues and to its ability to resist a wide range of environmental conditions, i.e., altitudes between 600 and 1600 m, with moderate temperatures in summer and cold temperatures, frost and snow in winter [3,4].
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