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Abstract
ABSTRACT Mycotoxin contamination is a major problem for the grain industry. This study investigated the distribution, characteristics, and toxigenic potential of black Aspergillus associated with 60 commercial grain samples collected from Upper Egypt. Black aspergilli were characterized by morphological criteria on Malt Extract Agar (MEA). β-Tubulin (BT2) and calmodulin (caM) genes were used for accurate identification and phylogenetic analysis. Fifty-eight isolates were collected and divided into four species: Aspergillus (A.) brasiliensis, A. luchensis, A. tubingensis, and A.neoniger. A. neoniger isolates were discriminated by calmodulin gene sequencing, which was named as A. tubingensis using β-tubulin gene. Using conventional PCR and specific primers, we distinguished A.neoniger from other species of Aspergillus section Nigri. Twenty isolates of A. tubingensis and one isolate of A.neoniger and A.luchensis were recognized as producers for ochratoxin-A (OTA). We conclude that cereals from upper Egypt are significantly contaminated with black aspergilli and its diagnosis will help in the protection of grains from OTA contamination.
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