Characterization of a thermal neutron beam monitor based on gas electron multiplier technology

Abstract

Research into valid alternatives to |$^{3}$|He detectors is fundamental to the affordability of new neutron spallation sources like the European Spallation Source (ESS). In the case of ESS it is also essential to develop high-rate detectors that can fully exploit the increase of neutron flux relative to present neutron sources. One of the technologies fulfilling these requirements is the gas electron multiplier (GEM), since it can combine a high rate capability (MHz|$/$|mm|$^{2}$|⁠), a coverage area up to 1 m|$^{2}$| and a space resolution better than 0.5 mm. Its use as a neutron detector requires conversion of neutrons into charged particles. This paper describes the realization and characterization of a thermal neutron GEM-based beam monitor equipped with a cathode containing |$^{10}$|B for neutron conversion. This device is constituted by a triple GEM detector whose cathode is made of an aluminum sheet covered by a 1 |$\mu $|m thick |$^{\hbox{nat}}$|B|$_{4}$|C layer. The method used to realize a long-lasting |$^{{\mathrm {nat}}}$|B|$_{4}$|C layer is described and the properties of such a layer have been determined. The detector performances (measured on the ISIS-VESUVIO beam line) in terms of beam profile reconstruction, imaging, and measurement of the thermal neutron beam energy spectrum are compatible with those obtained by standard beam monitors.