Abstract
Although many kinds of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from microorganisms have been used in industry, the exploration and utilization of EPSs from polar microorganisms is still rather rare. In this study, a flavobacterial strain, SM1127, from the Arctic brown alga Laminaria, was screened for its high EPS production (2.11 g/l) and was identified as belonging to the genus Polaribacter. The EPS secreted by strain SM1127 has a molecular mass of 220 kDa, and it mainly comprises N-acetyl glucosamine, mannose and glucuronic acid residues bound by heterogeneous linkages. Rheological studies on the aqueous EPS showed that it had a high viscosity and good shear-thinning property. Moreover, the EPS showed a high tolerance to high salinity and a wide pH range. The EPS also had good antioxidant activity. Particularly, its moisture-retention ability was superior to that of any other reported EPS or functional ingredient generally used in cosmetics. The EPS also showed a protective effect on human dermal fibroblasts at low temperature (4 °C). Safety assessment indicated that the EPS is safe for oral administration and external use. These results indicate the promising potential of the EPS from strain SM1127 in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
Highlights
In marine environments, most microbial cells are surrounded by a layer of extracellular carbohydrate polymers, which usually are exopolysaccharides (EPSs)[1]
An oversulfated EPS derived from a polysaccharide secreted by Alteromonas infernus isolated from the vicinity of a hydrothermal vent can enhance the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and it is potentially useful for accelerating vascular wound healing[15]
Using Congo red agar plates, 8 isolates that secreted mucous EPS were screened from 152 Arctic isolates that were previously isolated from the Arctic brown alga Laminaria
Summary
Most microbial cells are surrounded by a layer of extracellular carbohydrate polymers, which usually are exopolysaccharides (EPSs)[1]. EPSs, with linear or branched structures, are composed of repeating units of different monosaccharides or their derivatives[2]. They help microbes survive in diverse marine environments by influencing the physicochemical environment near the microbial cell[3]. Some extreme marine environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, shallow submarine thermal springs and polar marine habitats, have been regarded as new sources for the exploration of EPS-producing bacteria[3]. An oversulfated EPS derived from a polysaccharide secreted by Alteromonas infernus isolated from the vicinity of a hydrothermal vent can enhance the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and it is potentially useful for accelerating vascular wound healing[15]. The rheological properties, moisture-absorption and retention abilities, antioxidant activity, low-temperature protective effect on human dermal fibroblasts and safety in use of SM1127 EPS were investigated to explore its potential in biotechnology and industry
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