Abstract
Due to the reduction of the vegetation cover, the exposed soil increases the erosive vulnerability, and reduces the organic matter content, factors that can aggravate with less production of vegetal mass and microbiological activity of the arable layers, rich in calcium carbonate and that increases the degradation of the soil structure leading to the formation of gullies. This study aimed to characterize and survey the physical, chemical and structural characteristics of soils of four gullies located in the sub-basin of Ribeirao Serra by means of physical-chemical parameters and subjected to multivariate analysis. Slope maps, hypsometry, drainage network and soil types were elaborated. Morphological description of the soil, georeferencing of the boundaries of each gullie, and collection of deformed soils samples for physical-chemical and structural analysis were performed. Soil samples were collected on the slopes of the gullies at three points of each erosion, with three replicates, one in each horizon (A, B and C) at depths ranging from 0 to 310 cm. Qualitative tests were also carried out to verify the presence of some substances in the soil, such as carbonates and manganese. The data were submitted to the multivariate analysis, by means of Discriminant Analysis of Partial Least Squares analysis to evaluate the grouping of gullies in relation to the analyzed elements (physical-chemical), identifying if the set of elements interact with each other and/or present similarities. There is a high degree of anthropization with the use of pasture cultivated around the four gullies studied. According to the multivariate analysis the gullies Barreiro, Vendinha and Capim, are different, while it resembles the gull of the Retreat with the gullies Vendinha and Capim. The chemical elements present greater weight than the physical ones, in the separation of the gullies through the multivariate model.
Highlights
The central west of State of Goiás, Brazil, is characterized by dynamic changes in the use and occupation of the soil with the transition from natural areas to areas occupied by pastures, agriculture and sugarcane cultivation (Cunha et al, 2012; Loarie et al, 2011)
Due to the reduction of the vegetation cover, the exposed soil is vulnerable to intense rains (Peter et al, 2014; Assis et al, 2017), reducing the organic matter content, effective soil depth, enriching layers calcium carbonate and soil structure degradation (Martinez-Cassanovas & Ramos, 2009)
Soil samples were collected on the slopes of the gullies at three points of each erosion, with three replicates, one in each horizon (A, B and C) at depths ranging from 0 to 310 cm
Summary
The central west of State of Goiás, Brazil, is characterized by dynamic changes in the use and occupation of the soil with the transition from natural areas to areas occupied by pastures, agriculture (soybean and corn) and sugarcane cultivation (Cunha et al, 2012; Loarie et al, 2011). The gullies constitute the most severe erosive feature of the soil and the one that causes the greatest damage, since they are of great destructive power and their recovery is slow and difficult to control (Kheir et al, 2008; Shuwen et al, 2015). Very degraded areas, such as gullies, hinder natural jas.ccsenet.org
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